A psychological disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A psychological disorder - Essay Example Disastrous events and life changing experiences can elevate our level of stress. While many people deal with this day to day stress without medical intervention, it may have a long-term connection with cancer or heart disease (Myers 539,544). Intense feelings of stress are known as anxiety disorders. They seem to have no rational cause and leave a person agitated and out of control of their emotions. The anxiety disorders are further broken down into sub groups that include phobias and panic disorder. These cases of extreme anxiety are treated through conditioning and medication. Depression may be viewed as similar and may be confused with anxiety. While anxiety is the uneasy feeling in regards to a future event, depression is a reaction to a past event (Myers 646). While these feelings may be normal, they become a disorder when they are unrealistic and begin to impede a person's normal activities. Depression is not an abnormal feeling, but when it reaches an ongoing and insidious level, a professional should treat it. There are many modern medications that address both anxiety and depression. More severe forms of psychological disorders are seen in schizophrenia and dissociative disorders. In the former, the mind may be severely disorganized. The victim may suffer from delusions and inappropriate emotions.

Analysis of the Airbus Strategies Adopted in Startup Case Study

Analysis of the Airbus Strategies Adopted in Startup - Case Study Example Airbus’ competitive offer to its customers was a strength because it rivaled established brands. This increased customers and improved Airbus market share in the aircraft industry. Similarly, pooling of financial and technological resources in four European countries in the manufacture of Airbus aircraft was a strength to Airbus. This gave the company the finances required to create a competitive advantage. The last strength was strong industry policy in Europe that favored the success of Airbus, translating to  £ 26 billion in subsidies that enabled the company recovery of 70 % enormous development costs. This improved competitiveness and efficiency of the Airbus, hence competed favorably with established global players, McDonald and Boeing. Two weaknesses plagued Airbus, loses due to discount pricing as a way to gain increased market share and lack of established reputation with airlines on safety, quality and maintenance in the earlier years of the company’s operations. This led to needing reduced prices, improved maintenance practices, and increased competitiveness by Airbus to overcome the weaknesses. The main threat to Airbus was a ready market for McDonald and Boeing from U.S. military equipment. This reduced Airbus competitiveness in the U.S. market due to superior sales and profits by McDonald and Boeing. Secondly, Mc Donald and Boeing control of the U.S. market was a threat to Airbus growth and ambitions of increased market share. A building of high-quality Airbus aircraft acted as an opportunity as it gave consumers an alternative to U.S. aircraft.  

Bhutanese Refugees Resettlements in the USA

Bhutanese Refugees Resettlements in the USA Introduction Writing a research paper is not an easy task. It requires an exciting topic, argument, research and puzzle questions, extensive research, literature and data on the topic. I was looking for the research topic for my political science capstone course that is related to the politics and/or policies of immigration or integration in the United States. I was born and did my high school in Nepal where I was first introduced about the Bhutanese refugees when they first flee from Bhutan after being the stateless people in their own birth place. A stateless person is someone who does not have the legal document of citizenship of any country which would create a bond between government and individual, and provides certain political, economic, social and other rights as well as the responsible citizen of that nation. (USA for UNHCR, n.d.). Later In 2006, the United States governments offered resettlement to Bhutanese refugees living in the camps from Nepal. (Centers for Disease Control and Prev ention, 2014). I will be doing research on those Bhutanese refugees who were brought in the United States as a Refugee based on the Refugee Resettlement Act of 1975. So, the topic of my research is Bhutanese Refugees Resettlement in the United States. My research puzzle is, while the main mission of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) is to help new populations maximize their potential in the United States by linking them to critical resources that assist them in becoming integrated members of American society. (Office of Refugee Resettlement, n.d.).However, The Office of Refugee Resettlement and Department of Health and Human Service have already reported 16 suicides cases of Bhutanese refugees from 10 different states who were resettled in the United States between March 2008 to February 2012. Most of the refugees who committed suicide were below 50 years of age and were in the United States less than a year. There are some suicide cases in refuges resettled from other countries such Burma, Burundi, Somalia etc. but the Bhutanese refugees cases are more frequent and higher than other (Trong, Taylor, Lankau, Sivilli, Blanton, Shetty, Lopes-Cardozo,2012; CDC). In the U.S 11 out of 100,000 people die by suicide however the rat e of suicide in Bhutanese refugee is three times higher than the national average. (The Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center (RHTAC), 2011).So, the aim of my research would be to find out why do Bhutanese refugees and some other refugees are committing suicide after they arrived in the U.S? Are there any loopholes and weakness on the refugee resettlement policy that is causing the newly resettled refugees committing suicide and going under serious mental illness? By looking at the frequent suicide cases of Bhutanese refugees and the refugees from other countries, it looks like the U.S government was only able to provide the new identity but not been able to solve their political, cultural, economic and social integration complications. Historical Background Life in Bhutan Bhutanese refugees are the group of people from Nepal migrated to the South of Bhutan in the late 1800s after the Anglo- Bhutanese war of 1865. Later, the migrated newer generations started working in Agricultural field and eventually became Bhutans primary suppliers of food. The number of such worker increased day by day until about 1930 because of the invitation by licensed contractors. The successful generations migrated from Nepal became the Bhutans key source of nations revenue, who were paying taxes in cash even before the Bhutanese monarchy was established in 1907. (Hutt, 2003) The new programs of infrastructure development and land reform program granted Bhutanese citizenship based on the Bhutans Citizenship Act of 1958. However, the new Citizenship act of 1977 and 1985 altered citizenship law drastically. The marriage act of 1980 mandated to marry only with Bhutanese ethnicity with threaten of revoking the government benefits if violated and mandate to wear Bhutanese nationa l costume only nationwide as well. (Rose 1994). So, the Bhutans Citizenship Act of 1985 revoked the Lhotsampa peoples citizenship who does not meet certain criteria such as if they didnt have the tax receipts that can prove that they were living in Bhutan before 1958 and second if they had not been counted in the census. (Lee 1998). In the October of 1900, the people of south did a huge public demonstration asking for civil rights and cultural freedom. The Bhutanese government also acted against protester by capturing the identified participants and placed them into prison. They were kept into the prison for several months without any litigation. Many of them were released by Bhutanese government only if they are ready to sign the voluntary migration form (The form that has the agreement that those who signed it will leave Bhutan as soon as they are released from the jail). So, in the end of 1990, the people from Lhotsampa fled to Nepal by truck. Life in Nepal In 1991, more than one million Bhutanese-Nepalese from Bhutan took temporary protection in Nepal. Later, in the end of 1991 at the request of Government of Nepal (GoN), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and World Food Program (WFP) established the total of seven refugee camps for more than 105,000 refugees in Eastern part of Nepal providing humanitarian assistance and international protection such as food, sheltered, health and education to the Bhutanese refugees. (WFP Publications 2013). All the responsibilities to managed and look after the camp is under UNHCR and for that they assign number of subcontractors and agencies. System of committees were assign to carry out day to day activities. Like Refugee Coordination Unit for the implementation of government policy in all the seven camps, the cam management unit for registration of birth and death as well as looking after food and health program. Likewise, there were Camp secretary, Sector Head and counselling Board. Refugees were living in a very restricted and crowed conditions as for huge numbers, 106,000 of refugee there were approximately 16,673 huts using the local materials like bamboo and their lifespan was assuming to be of three years. Despite having problematic life, they had maintained a very good condition in regards of water and sanitation facilities. Incentive workers within the camp managed the water system and is centrally controlled and distributed through pipes in the estimation of 20-25 liters per person per day. Talking about the food, food basket used to be distributed in every two weeks and they used to get equal amount whether they are grown up man or a newly born. Nepal Red Cross Society were the organization for rations/food until LWF (Lutheran World Federation) took over on 2006 (Bhutanese Refugee, n.d.). The Bhutanese refugee gave high priority for education of their children and thus started running English medium education programmed even with the small resource. The refugees were not allowed to work out of the camp due to the policy of Nepal government but they do not lack opportunities within the camp. And among those chances teaching was the most common. The teacher in the camp were paid a salary in other to motivate them but was much lower than those working outside the camp (Gharti, 2011) (Adelman, 2008). As per the information given by the end of November 2006, there were 37,403 students studying in the schools that was establish within the camp. Even though many Bhutanese refugees were educated there were also a student who dropped the schools as they had to go through multiple difficult situation. Mostly children and women in a camp had a very hard life. For instance, women had to go to jungle in search of wood for the fire to cook the food also there were operation center of Nepal Maoist near the camp and the young refugee had high chance of recruit by Moist (Gharti, 2011)(Adelman, 2008). Resettlement in third Countries: Several Bilateral meetings between Nepal and Bhutan to resolve the Bhutanese refugees situations of repatriation or resettlement didnt come up with the specific solution. (Human Rights Watch, 2007). In fact, in June 2003, The Government of Bhutan appealed that only 24% of the populations in one camp were genuine refugees fled from Bhutan. However, it never let those 24% people also returned to Bhutan. (Banki ,2008) On the other hand, from February 1996 Nepal itself went under civil war due to The Communist Party of Nepal Maoist who were aiming to overthrow the Nepalese Monarchy and establish People Republic. The civil war was ended on November 21,2006. Due to the everyday strikes and unsecured situations Government of Nepal was not able to provide full attention regarding the settlement of Bhutanese refugees problems. More than 13,000 people (including both civilian and armed forces) were killed and 1300 people were misplaced during the conflict. (Office of the United Nations High Co mmissioner for Human Rights, 2012). The repatriation was also impossible because the properties and lands that the Bhutanese refugees were utilizing were on the possession of the other local Bhutanese people. (Adelman, 2008). Since the resettlement and repatriation was impossible in Nepal the resettlement to the third countries was realized as the ultimate solution for the Bhutanese refugees. (COR Center Refugee Backgrounder No. 4, 2007). Finally, in 2007 the Government of Nepal agreed the alternative of the third-country resettlement. The United States government offered to resettle more than 80,000 Bhutanese refugees in the United States based on the refugee and resettlement act of 1975. So, the first group of Bhutanese arrived in the United States was on March 25, 2008 and resettled in different States and cities such as Texas, Arizona, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Syracuse, St. Louis, Missouri, Colorado, Seattle etc. (Bhutanese American organization-PA) Research procedures As a research procedure, the primary data was collected through a random interview. I conducted face to face interview with four random Bhutanese refugees of age above 40 who are currently residing in the Queens, New York. The reason why I chose Queens, New York was because it was easier to find the personnels and conduct the interview since many of the resettled Bhutanese refuges are staying in this region. Even though they came from Nepal and Speak Nepali language I have never met or spoke to those refugees before I took the interview. It was completely random selection. The primary objectives of conducting interview with the Bhutanese refugees (age above 45) is to collect and analyze the pre-and post- migration experiences information from Bhutan to Nepal to the United States. I interviewed with the four randomly selected adult Bhutanese refugees (age above 45) living in the Queens Region. I found Sam (name changed) in the Indian local grocery store called Patel Brothers, met Sima (name changed) Bhutan Corner (Cafe), met Dan (name changed) in Laliguras restaurant and met Albert (name changed) in Elmhurst nearby Hindu Temple. The questions that I prepared for the interviews were related to the pre- and post- migration experiences, qualitative characteristics such as education, languages, job, health status, future aspirations, neighborhood interactions etc. (see Appendix). I collected the interview data by writing down in my notebook. The assumption is that the information collected from the random Bhutanese refugees interview would be more effective to gather deeper information to find out the answers connected with the puzzle and research questions. Literature and data The Secondary literature and data was collected by browsing the several existing scholarships such as books, peer-reviewed journal, articles, newspapers articles, government sites and respective non-profit organization web pages and blogs. The primary reason to look at the literature and statistical data is to provide intellectual information for my research questions and to provide complement to my research puzzle and thesis statement. Findings and Reviews The number of Bhutanese refuges and their group are together multiplying in such a way that thy have their own separate categories in the U.S. Census count. (NY daily news, 2011). These people are mostly residing in Sunnyside, Maspeth, Elmhurst, Woodside and Jackson Heights. (Asian American Federation). Based on the conversation with Sam inside the one corner of the Patel Brothers store, Sam is currently living in Woodside, New York since 2011 with his families. He is 53 years old and was one of Bhutanese who fled from Lhotsampa, Bhutan to Nepal in the summer of 1993 with his wife and two kids. He said living in the refugee camp of Nepal was just a partial relief with limited freedom. He and his families were very happy for getting migration to the United States. Overall, he looked happy for coming in the United States the only complain he had was not getting the expected job. He and his wife both were the teachers in Nepal but they could not get the same type of job in the United States even after several attempts. He does not have stable job and his wife works as a housekeeper at doctors home. I didnt ask him question number 13. He has hope from his kids and would have a better life in the future. Based on the interview with Sima. She is living with her husband in Woodside as well. She said she was 25 years old when her family fled from Bhutan to Nepal in 1993. She was raped by Bhutanese police while she was in prison. She was a beautician in Nepal but here she is also doing housekeeping job and part time salon helper. She said her she was not able to pass the beautician license test because of weak English. She added that though she makes enough money to spend but not fully satisfy with her profession however, she said she does not have any regrets feelings after coming to the U.S. She also does not have any social interaction with other communities besides Nepalese, Bhutanese and some Indians because of the cultural and language variations. The question regarding the suicidal ideation of the Bhutanese refugees she said it varies by the persons mentality. Some people are doing good and some people are going under mental illness however she doesnt want to blame everything on U .S. Government. She said some people were already under depression while they were in Nepals refugee camp. She shared her dream of getting license and having job in own field to be the owner of small beauty salon by herself. I met Dan when I was drinking coffee in Nepalese restaurant (Laliguras). He said he is around 45 now and staying with his wife and one kid. He said he was a teenager when his families escaped from Bhutan to Nepal. Dan is living in Jackson heights 82nd street. Since he was looking open minded and friendly I was little more comfortable asking questions to him. Hence, I was focusing more on the research puzzle and research question. He told me some interesting things, he said after the arrival in the United States they all get supports such as food stamps, Medicare, cash assistance, and training. However, the cash assistance was never enough to cover all the expenses. He also said, all of us need to be self-standing within three to eight months and ready to repay the travel loan (where a family with four people owes $5300 for an only one-way ticket). So, after eight months all the refugees get the pressure of paying back the loan. He again said, I was lucky to get the job in restaurant helper and was able to pay back the loan. He still remembers his close friend hung himself in his bedroom ceiling fan due to the financial burden. He ended up saying that he is now a chef in the restaurant and doesnt have any future high expectation as of now and has very limited interaction with the other communitys people. Later again, I stepped out towards Elmhurst. I meet Albert nearby Hindu Temple. He is around 50 and staying with his wife and 3 daughters. He was working as car mechanic outside camp in Nepal and his expectation was of getting similar job in USA but he was not able to get the same type of job in the United States. He said that he felt like none of the owner or manager trusted him even to give a chance of showing his capabilities. He said now I have three daughters working but he had a very nightmare life in the past after the first arrival in the United States. He said I thought couple of times of doing suicide as well but friends gave me loan to pay off government loan and found a job in warehouse as helper. He again said, language is the most important thing, if you dont know how to speak English in the United States you are vulnerable to discrimination and limited opportunity. From the face to face to interview and sensitive conversations that I conducted with four random Bhutanese refugees living in Queens county New York, it suggests that to begin a new life in the worlds most developed nation like the United States must be a proudful and victorious for the refugees like Bhutanese, who were fleeing from their own country due to the fear of tortures and camp. However, starting over life in totally new environment and with zero balance and knowledge is not an easy. Refugees like Bhutanese who have migrated from the underdeveloped countries like Bhutan and Nepal must deal with numbers post migration problems such as social and cultural integration, language, income, financial burden, mental stress etc. They already have lots of memories from the past persecutions and burden of camp life where as life would be very difficult and unpredictable especially in different and completely new culture, norms, language and communities. Although all of them were very e xcited while moving to the US because of getting new life and identity in the worlds most developed and powerful country but after sometime almost all of them have complains having problems in staring with due to various obstacles like not getting an expected job, discriminations and less opportunity due to language problem, burden of paying back the government loan after six months where they were not fully established in the new world the United States. More than 60% of the Bhutanese refugees follow Hindu religion and rest of others ae Buddhist, Kirat and Christian. (International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2008). The four main sub castes under Hindu Bhutanese refugees are Brahmins (Priests), Cheetris (warriors), Vaishyas (farmers, merchants) and Sudras (servant, Laborers). Most of the Hinduisms are radical where the religion based discrimination is common in Hindu community. So-called higher caste Brahmins do not even allow to enter so called loser caste Hindu people in their kitchen and will not eat food prepared by the lower caste people. (Chapman Colorado.gov, n.d.) Many Hindu Bhutanese refugees are vegetarians some of them does not even eat or touch beef or pork which are common foods in the United States. As per the research conducted at Arizona State University regarding the connection between religious coping and acculturation stress among newly-resettled Hindu Bhutanese refugees in the United States. They use their analyzed data to study the psychological impact of integration on the newly resettled Hindu Bhutanese refugees in the US. Based on the references and collected data, researchers found that Hindu Bhutanese refugees have a very hard time integrating their Hindus Bhutanese culture and beliefs with American cultural values. The authors suggest that heartfelt Hindu Bhutanese may need additional support to integrate in the newly resettled community. causing them isolating and mentally hopeless. (Benson, Sun, Hodge, Androff, 2012) I collected mixed outcome from the face to face interview as some interviewees talked about the loophole of the U.S. Government policy where other said the pre-existing mental health situation of the refuges that developed even worse quite some time later after they arrived in the United States. The cross-sectional survey conducted on the randomly selected 579 Bhutanese refugees of 18 years or older who resettled from 2008-2011, in seven cities of the United States nationwide: Atlanta, Buffalo, Syracuse, Phoenix, Tucson, Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston etc. by the CDC officer considering to the demographics, mental health symptoms, and associated risk factors related to the depression symptoms among newly resettled Bhutanese refugees in the US suggests that the prevalence of depression symptoms among resettled Bhutanese refugees in the US (21%) was higher than the (5%) reported in a meta-analysis of large studies of refugees resettled to western countries. (Trong, Taylor, Lankau, Shetty, Sivilli, 2015 18(4)). Most of the women and older generation refugees have no education at all. So, those we didnt have any education opportunities in Bhutan and didnt became educated in Camp obviously will have the difficult time to adjust in the country where life, culture, language, food and community are different and new. (Marschilok, 2013). The cross-sectional survey and report suggests that cultural isolation and acculturation are resulting in difficulty in integration and adaption into the new country with new peoples. The refuges who had less education were already worried about the resettlement in the third countries making this population more vulnerable to depression since pre-migration. In addition, the researchers at US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Boston Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Department of Infectious Diseases performed Bivariate logistic regressions to recognize associated factors with mental illness and suicidal ideation. As a research method, random Bhutanese refugees are interviewed and surveyed by trained experts in the participants community. From the research, they find the mental health conditions occurrence percentage are depression (21%), symptoms of anxiety (19%), post-traumatic stress disorder (4.5%), and suicidal ideation (3%). She also finds the significant causes for suicidal ideation such as financial responsibility, receiving low social support and having symptoms of anxiety and depression. (Trong, Taylor, Lankau, Shetty, Sivilli, 2015 18(4)). The writer, contributing editor at the Bhutanese refugee-run Bhutan News Service currently living in Charlotte, North Carolina writes that just few weeks earlier before hanging in an apartment in Phoenix Arizona, Menuka Poudel spoke to him about her hope and dream of pursuing higher education and long living in America. The writer himself is one of the refugee from Bhutan. He writes poor Poudel was one of the 30 Bhutanese refugees who has already done suicide in the U.S. since the summer of 2008 after the resettlement program began. He adds the statistical data from CDC office that from 2008 to 2012, the ratio of Bhutanese refugees suicide case in America was 20.3 out of 100,000 people. In fact, this ratio is near to double compare to the U.S. general population global suicide rate of 16.0 out of 100,000, (WHO). He also writes after resettlement, many young Bhutanese adults who came to USA seem to have a misalliance between their hope and American dream with the availability of work and quality of pay and life resulting to the mental illness and suicide. Limitations: This research has number of limitations. First, conducting a face to face interview is not an easy task especially when we are doing research about suicide, life and living standards. The collection of data and outcomes might not be 100 percent accurate by conducting a face to face interview with individuals regarding such personal and sensitive issues. Most of the times people might give false statement due to the fear of privacy and hesitations. Second, the primary data I have collected is only from the one region and with a very few contributors, so my collection of primary of data can be useful for the brief analysis but not to draw the conclusion about the Bhutanese refugees who are residing across the United States. Conclusion: Acculturation Appendix: What is your name? Can you tell me about yourself? When did you leave Bhutan and Nepal? Are you married and Do you have children?) Can you tell me about the Journey to the United States? Before you come to the United States, where did you live? Tell me about your favorite childhood memory. What did you like about living in the refugee camp and What did you dislike? Do you remember about that moment when you came to know that you are migrating to the United States permanently? Did you find any surprising differences between your expectation and real life of America? How were you feeling when you first stepped out of Americas Airport? and How were you feeling after six months and How are you feeling now? What are the most challenging things you ever faced in the United States? Why are some people in your community are committing suicide asked only to Dan? What are your future aspirations? References: What Is a Refugee USA for UNHCR? USA for UNHCR. http://www.unrefugees.org/what-is-a-refugee/ (September 18, 2016). https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/03/11/bhutanese-refugees-find-home-america https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2015factsheets_orr.pdf http://refugeehealthta.org/physical-mental-health/mental-health/suicide/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237412852_THE_BHUTANESE_REFUGEES_BETWEEN_VERIFICATION_REPATRIATION_AND_ROYAL_REALPOLITIK Hutt, Michael. 2003. Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood and the Flight of Refugees from Bhutan. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Rose, Leo E. 1977. The Politics of Bhutan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 55 Leo E. 1994. The role of the monarchy in the current ethnic conflict in Bhutan. In Michael Hutt (ed) Bhutan: Perspectives on Conflict and Dissent. Gartmore: Kiscadale Publications Tang Lay Lee. (1998). Refugees from Bhutan: Nationality, statelessness and the right to return. International Journal of Refugee Law, 10(1 2), 118-155. Muni, S.D. 1991. Bhutan in the throes of ethnic conflict. India International Centre Quarterly (Spring): 145-54. http://www.bao-phila.org/history The Refugee Act. http://www.acf.hhs.gov. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/resource/the-refugee-act (September 18, 2016). Benson, G. O., F. Sun, D. R. Hodge, and D. K. Androff. 2011. Religious Coping and Acculturation Stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A Study of Newly-Resettled Refugees in the United States. International Social Work 55(4): 538-53. Vonnahme, Laura A. et al. 2014. Factors Associated with Symptoms of Depression Among Bhutanese Refugees in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health J Immigrant Minority Health 17(6): 1705-14. Ao Trong, Shetty Sharmila, Sivilli Teresa, Blanton, Ellis Heidi, Geltman Paul, Cochran Jennifer, Taylor Eboni, Lankau Emily, and Cardozo Barbara. 2015. Suicidal Ideation and Mental Health of Bhutanese Refugees in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health J Immigrant Minority Health 18(4): 828-35. Mishra, T.P. 2014. American Dream Becomes Nightmare for Bhutanese Refugees. WSJ. http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/01/07/american-dream-becomes-nightmare-for-bhutanese-refugees/. Maxym, maya. 2010. Nepali-Speaking Bhutanese (Lhotsampa) Cultural Profile. EthnoMed. https://ethnomed.org/culture/nepali-speaking-bhutanese-lhotsampa/nepali-speaking-bhutanese-lhotsampa-cultural-profile#section-3 (September 18, 2016). Ranard, Donald A. 2207. Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal. Hartford Public Library. https://www.hplct.org/assets/uploads/files/backgrounder_bhutanese.pdf (September 18, 2016). Bhutanese Americans Make History Advocating on Capitol Hill. 2014. Hindu American Foundation (HAF). http://www.hafsite.org/whats-new/bhutanese-americans-make-history-advocating-capitol-hill (September 18, 2016). Refugee Health TA. Refugee Health TA. http://refugeehealthta.org/physical-mental-health/mental-health/suicide/ (September 18, 2016). Suicide and Suicidal Ideation Among Bhutanese Refugees United States, 2009-2012. 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6226a2.htm (September 18, 2016). Cochran, Jennifer. 2013. Suicide and Suicidal Ideation Among Bhutanese Refugees United States, 2009-2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6226a2.htm (September 18, 2016). Kulman, Betsy, and Kevin Tsukii. 2014. New to America, Bhutanese Refugees Face Suicide Crisis. Aljazeera America. http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/6/19/bhutanese-refugeessuicide.html (September 18, 2016). Ellis, Heidi B. 2015. Understanding Bhutanese Refugee Suicide through the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior. APA PsycNET. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/ort/85/1/43/ (September 18, 2016).

Lost Innocence and Buried Emotions :: essays research papers fc

Lost Innocence and Buried Emotions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever had a special relationship with a sibling or spouse? Henry and Lyman did in the â€Å"Red Convertible† by Louise Erdrich. They grew up on an Indian reservation in Minnesota and were the first ones to own a convertible, which allowed them to leave the reservation and experience life outside of it. That summer they grew close as they traveled from Minnesota to the Little Knife River in North Dakota, eventually finding themselves on the Rocky Boy Reservation in Montana: â€Å"We went places in that car, me and Henry. We took off driving one whole summer†(Erdrich, 365). Upon returning from their travels, Henry’s draft number was called and he joined the marines and was sent to fight in Vietnam: â€Å"I don’t wonder that the army was so glad to get my brother that they turned him into a Marine† (Erdrich, 366). Like Henry, I returned from war with my innocence lost and emotions buried so deeply that I found it difficult t o reconnect with the loved ones in my life. Henry returned from the war a changed man. Somewhere in Vietnam, his innocence had been lost and his emotions buried deep under all of the death and destruction that surrounded him for nearly three years. â€Å"When he came home, though, Henry was very different, and I’ll say this: the change was no good† (Erdrich, 366). He had changed from an easygoing, good-natured fellow into someone who rarely laughed, often looking for the worst in people with a cold and calculating stare. Seeing this, Lyman realized that his relationship with Henry was forever changed. The Gulf War had the same effect on me as Vietnam had on Henry, and like Lyman, Audrey, my wife noticed similar changes in me, affecting our relationship. For years, I was emotionally dead. Eventually, I had to deal with my emotions or I would lose my wife, for she could not live with someone that had become so emotionally disconnected from everything around him. So, I decided to take a few months off, and Audrey and I loaded up our grey ford truck and traveled throughout Texas and Mexico. With her help, I was able to learn how to feel again, unlike Henry, who felt that his only cure was to let his boots fill up with water. â€Å"’My Boots are filling,’ he says† (Erdrich, 370). Though we fought in different wars decades and miles apart, like so many others Henry and I lost our innocence and buried our emotions.

Muslim Nationalism Essay

In the twentieth- century Muslim leaders in South Asia along with North Africa defined nationalism in different ways in their countries. Documents 3 and 4 demonstrate the path of looking for power and gaining power through nationalism. Documents 1 and 2 show how South Asia and Northern Africa tried solving problems and gaining more education through nationalistic beliefs. Lastly, documents 5 and 6 shows the Algerian motives to being nationalists. Muslim leaders used nationalism to gain power, solve internal problem, and gain more education. Using potential power as a motive for being nationalistic was an option. Muslims wanted to copy European ways in order to have more power and achieve independence(Doc 4). The Europeans had a strong army that went against many countries and won. For instance, the Muslims were witnesses of WW1. The Muslim states wanted to become as powerful as the Europeans, so they became nationalistic in order to do so. The Muslims in the Ottoman empire lasted through seeing the tactics and way of empowerment that the Europeans had. The Muslims from Egypt decided to mimic Europe while in India the leaders greatly dislikes the new people in power(Doc 3). Both Southern Asia and Northern Africa tried solving country issues and gain more education by basing themselves on a Nationalist state. In 1965 Egypt turned into a nationalist state in order to resolve conflicting associations within their people and land(Document 2). One of the main reasons Egypt used education as their excuse was to get closer to peace within their country. The level of rigor for education was boosted up to British levels education as a result of the Muslim look on Europe(Document 1). During 1880s Africa wanted to be unified and not have conflicts within and with other countries and regions. As seen in Document 5, Moufdi, a nationalistic, Algerian leader, believed in accepting people from other lands no matter where they were from. Algeria was religiously tolerant as well. As well as ,Ahmed Ben Bella, a military nationalist leader, spoke of how he wanted to point out the the contrasting relationship within Catholics and Muslims and not have it be a conflict anymore(Document 6). As a result of nationalism spreading throughout regions, Africa was being unified to be a more in sync continent. Muslim leaders used nationalism to gain power, solve internal problem, and gain more education. Places like South Asia and north Africa were growing internally and externally due to a change in nationalism. A helpful additional document could have been a letter from an opposing power to the nationalists and how the transformation of nations was affecting them.

Family and Happiness

Hello Professor Do you know what happiness is? Where does it come from? In this essay I will conduct an experiment for what older, experienced adults may think happiness is. To what preteens may think happiness is. The following includes the people I’m experimenting on and their results to my questions. Six Questions First suspect: Church Member Sis Wims Question: What is happiness in your own words? Answer: I think happiness is your smile and the way you act toward others. Question: what influenced you to give the answer that you gave? Answer: because it my personality and I walk around with a smile all day. Question: What has brought you happiness? Answer: My job, my family and my good health. Question: Do you think other people have different perspectives of happiness? Answer: yes, because some people have happiness and different ways I think some is can use happiness as how they live with big fine home, cars, money and all the luxuries things in their home. Question: Can happiness be bought? Answer: No, because you cannot buy happiness it will come on its own. You may feel happiness in your heart. Question: Do you find happiness in the little things? Answer: Yes I can find happiness in little things by meeting new friends helping the elderly peoples help out with the people in my church is a good leader. Be one of the best people that I can do my best in what do. Second suspect: Granddaughter Maya Question: What is happiness in your own words? Answer: Happiness in my own words would be being around family members and being loved by others. Question: what influenced you to give the answer that you gave? Answer: When I was younger my uncle Paris died and I was so happy to see all my family members there to support my mom and siblings. To see the support of my family member it brought me great happiness. Also when I come out of school my grandmother is outside waiting for us in her car to pick me up. Question: What has brought you happiness? Answer: My siblings and loving grandmother brought me happiness. Question: Do you think other people have different perspectives of happiness? Answer: Yes I do think people have different perspectives of happiness because it all depends where you come from and how you were raised. Question: Can happiness be bought? Answer: I don’t think so because what brings you happiness is from deep down inside and what comes from your soul. Question: Do you find happiness in the little things? Answer: Yes I do find happiness in little things like young love or accepting who you are inside. In conclusion the age difference may not change how one person may think happiness is. Both my suspect have almost the same ideas of happiness. I also agree with their answers. I may not know what other peoples definition of happiness is but I know what mines are and the people around me. Happiness may change over time but mostly everyone knows what they really want in their life. You may not see what makes you happy right away but when you do I will be more obvious than ever before. I remember the song of Al Green â€Å"Love and Happiness†. Like in the song â€Å"Love make you do right, love make you do wrong make you stay out all night long. Happiness can bring many different things. Happiness made me return back to school. Without returning back to school I don’t think I’ll have the happiness I have right now. Happiness will never come to those who don’t appreciate it. So from all this I can what I like the most from this experiment was how people explained what they thought happiness was. As I was a little girl I always believed in a good life that I could live in that I could be very happy for rest of my life. Have a happy family, a nice paying job and a loving home. Life brings happiness that look for it. It is gentle. Happiness is a dance you choose which one you want to dance to probably a nice gentle dance. Happiness is everything you put into it. How you show your love to others. I think happiness is the best thing that you can accomplished out of life. It does matter how or what you did to get it all that matters is that you have it now. Thank you professor I did it!

Relational Databases, Normalization, and SQL

Relational Databases, Normalization, and SQL A database is an application that can store and retrieve data very rapidly. The relational bit refers to how the data is stored in the database and how it is organized. When we talk about a database, we mean a relational database, in fact, an RDBMS: Relational Database Management System. In a relational database, all data is stored in tables. These have the same structure repeated in each row (like a spreadsheet) and it is the relations between the tables that make it a relational table. Before relational databases were invented (in the 1970s), other types of database such as hierarchical databases were used. However relational databases have been very successful for companies like Oracle, IBM, and Microsoft. The open source world also has RDBMS. Commercial Databases OracleIBM DB 2Microsoft SQL Server Ingres. The first commercial RDBMS. Free/Open Source Databases MySQLPostgresSQLSQLite Strictly these are not relational databases but RDBMS. They provide security, encryption, user access and can process SQL queries. Who Was Ted Codd? Codd was a computer scientist who devised the laws of normalization in 1970. This was a mathematical way of describing the properties of a relational database using tables. He came up with 12 laws that describe what a relational database and an RDBMS does and several laws of normalization that describe the properties of relational data. Only data that had been normalized could be considered relational. What Is Normalization? Consider a spreadsheet of client records that is to be put into a relational database. Some clients have the same information, say different branches of the same company with the same billing address. In a spreadsheet, this address is on multiple rows. In turning the spreadsheet into a table, all the clients text addresses must be moved into another table and each assigned a unique ID- say the values 0,1,2. These values are stored in the main client table so all rows use the ID, not the text. A SQL statement can extract the text for a given ID. What Is a Table? Think of it as being like a rectangular spreadsheet made up of rows and columns. Each column specifies the type of data stored (numbers, strings or binary data - such as images). Unlike a spreadsheet where the user is free to have different data on each row, in a database table, every row can only contain the types of data that were specified. In C and C, this is like an array of structs, where one struct holds the data for one row. For more information see Normalizing a database in the Database Design part of databases.about.com. What Are the Different Ways of Storing Data in a Database? There are two ways: Via a Database Server.Via a Database File. Using a database file is the older method, more suited to desktop applications. E.G. Microsoft Access, though that is being phased out in favor of Microsoft SQL Server. SQLite is an excellent public domain database written in C that holds data in one file. There are wrappers for C, C, C# and other languages. A database server is a server application running locally or on a networked PC. Most of the big databases are server based. These take more administration but are usually faster and more robust. How Does an Application Communicate With Database Servers? Generally, these require the following details. IP or Domain name of the server. If it is the on the same PC as you, use 127.0.0.1 or localhost as the dns name. Server Port For MySQL this is usually 3306, 1433 for Microsoft SQL Server.User Name and PasswordName of the Database There are many client applications that can talk to a database server. Microsoft SQL Server has Enterprise Manager to create databases, set security, run maintenance jobs, queries and of course design and modify database tables. What Is SQL?: SQL is short for Structured Query Language and is a simple language that provides instructions for building and modifying the structure of databases and for modifying the data stored in the tables. The main commands used to modify and retrieve data are: Select - Fetches data. Insert - Inserts one or more rows of data. Update - Modifies existing row(s) of data Delete - Deletes rows of data. There are several ANSI/ISO standards such as ANSI 92, one of the most popular. This defines a minimum subset of supported statements. Most compiler vendors support these standards. Conclusion Any nontrivial application can use a database and a SQL-based database is a good place to start. Once you have mastered the configuration and administering of the database then you have to learn SQL to make it work well. The speed at which a database can retrieve data is astonishing and modern RDBMS are complex and highly optimized applications. Open source databases like MySQL are fast approaching the power and usability of the commercial rivals and drive many databases on websites. How to Connect to a Database in Windows using ADO Programmatically, there are various APIs that provide access to database servers. Under Windows, these include ODBC and Microsoft ADO. [h3[Using ADO So long as there is a provider- software that interfaces a database to ADO, then the database can be accessed. Windows from 2000 has this built in. Try the following. It should work on Windows XP, and on Windows 2000 if youve ever installed MDAC. If you havent and want to try this, visit Microsoft.com, do a search for MDAC Download and download any version, 2.6 or higher. Create an empty file called test.udl. Right click in Windows Explorer on the file and do open with, you should see Microsoft Data Access - OLE DB Core Services. This dialog lets you connect to any database with an installed provider, even excel spreadsheets! Select the first tab (Provider) as opens by default at the the Connection tab. Select a provider then click Next. The data source name shows the different types of device available. After filling in username and password, click the Test Connection button. After you press the ok button, you can open the test.udl with file with Wordpad. It should contain text like this. [oledb] ; Everything after this line is an OLE DB initstring ProviderSQLOLEDB.1;Persist Security InfoFalse;User IDsa;Initial Catalogdhbtest;Data Source127.0.0.1 The third line is the important one, it contains the configuration details. If your database has a password, it will be shown here, so this is not a secure method! This string can be built into applications that use ADO and will let them connect to the specified database. Using ODBC ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) provides an API based interface to databases. There are ODBC drivers available for just about every database in existence. However, ODBC provides another layer of communication between an application and the database and this can cause performance penalties.

The Internets Effect On Interaction and Communication With Others †Essay

The Internets Effect On Interaction and Communication With Others – Essay Free Online Research Papers The Internets Effect On Interaction and Communication With Others Essay Communication in our lives is a tremendous vital thing. Indeed, human beings are born to communicate with each other no matter what kind of lives they decide to live. Communicating with other people allow us to learn about ourselves as human creatures. It allows us to understand our way of behaving, of thinking in different situations/places. Communication is also a medium of exchanges at every level. We can exchange ideas, concepts, knowledge, feelings etc. The communication process can occur through several different types. Indeed we can communicate through verbal communication thanks to the language we assimilated during our childhood which can vary according to our cultural belongings. Furthermore we learn non verbal signals (body language, paralanguage etc) which also depend on our culture. These signals communicate a lot about us, about the culture we belong to. Verbal and non verbal communications are linked in the communication process. People can communicate by using different mediums such as letters, radios, TVs, newspaper etc. The mass media indeed allowed people to become more interconnected thanks to world connected networks such as news networks or the Internet. However these kind of â€Å"virtual† communication which requires technology to work well, have some drawbacks that we will study in this paper. This wild wide network of interconnected information called the Internet was a great human â€Å"invention†. It facilitated at the origin communication between people and between universities. The Internet is now widely spread all around the world. It is possible to send information from France to the United States in a couple of seconds. We are now capable of talking with lots of different people who can come from radically opposed cultural backgrounds. Broadcasting the news hasn’t been that simple up until now. If an earthquake occurs in Japan, French people will hear about this news only few hours later. Moreover, people can read books or download music songs, movies, games, software, and pictures throughout this network. To put it simple the Internet has a consequent amount of positive things to offer to most people. Most people think that it is a great useful tool: communication is faster and easier thanks to instant messaging software (msn, aim, yahoo messenger), emails, chat rooms and forums. Physical contact is reduced or avoided which allow people to feel more confident about themselves, about communicating and exchanging ideas, opinions etc. This said, the drawbacks of this form of â€Å"recent† communication are very important and people have to be aware of those. First of all, physical contact and â€Å"physical† communication is reduced when we use the Internet. People spend hours chatting on the internet through emails or chat rooms and forums. We no longer go to a pub to have a drink with some friends; we now meet on American instant messaging or Microsoft network messaging to chat about useless small talks, futile things. In addition, these kinds of chatting networks downgrade the action of â€Å"Writing†. As communication between people becomes more and more instant and fast, people take less and less time to write correctly using in depths forms of writing style. Our generation is using â€Å"emoticons†, abbreviations to express thoughts, feelings instead of using the words used by our ancestors. It will not be surprising to notice that the French language quality is decreasing among teenagers as the Internet is growing for instance. But the major drawback of the Internet is the fact that people use this network as a virtual medium of expression, as a virtual part of themselves. Indeed they create virtual worlds, virtual identities. As the internet eliminates physical contact between people it is understandable that people try to create virtual â€Å"themselves†. Thus we see more and more forums, chat rooms, â€Å"blogs† where people discuss or share themselves to each others without even knowing that they are confining themselves in a virtual thin cosmos. People feel confident, safe behind their screens but they become addicted and dependant of their virtual lives. The world’s physical beauty is forgotten, the most important thing is to come back at home and connect on our computers. People are so despaired in our western society that they create new identities in order to feel better. Most of people have to identify to objects, things, persons to feel like having a purpose in their lives. The Internet is â€Å"giving† the opportunity to people to create â€Å"blogs† which reflect their personality and who they are. However reality is different. It is true that it can be a positive thing to a certain extent but in the end, people end up forgetting their true purpose and what they are really looking for, which is human contact and interactions with other human â€Å"animals†. We are not â€Å"made† to spend our lives on a black square screen reading comments on our latest post on a forum dedicated to cell phones or celebrities. Unfortunately this phenomenon is not going to stop. In my opinion, our western society based on mass consumption created these kinds of behaviors and will only end up accelerating these phenomenons because the mass media tend to broadcast false ideals, wrong values which destabilized people who try desperately to follow the prototype human being created by these people who only try to make money. Since my childhood, people try to influence me, to influence us on our way of thinking and our way of behaving. We try to sell you that you have to identify yourself to objects to feel alive. By binding yourself with â€Å"stuff† you will be able to gain an identity. Buying the brand new Ipod will make you feel better. You will be considered as a preconceived marketed researched fashion boy. People enter slowly in a race dedicated to materialism and objects. However, people don’t see that this race is their lives. Therefore we see people trying desperately all their life long t o save money so that they will be able to buy this product or this car because they naively think that they will feel more powerful, more confident or even more proud about themselves if they do so. The main issue is that people create more and more artificial worlds. These â€Å"tricks† are created to answer to the mass media pressure which dictates us how we should behave, think, dress ourselves: what we should look like. They communicate ideals based on market studies, behavioral studies and psychological studies of people. They try to sell us information through news networks in order to format our minds. The time where they were trying to inform us, or selling us objects which could â€Å"help† us during our lives has never existed. The main purpose of the mass media is to make money. This fact will never change. Most of people think that information is broadcasted to inform us about world events but they forgot the ads between news bulletins. Most of people think that the Ipod nano was created to facilitate their lives and that Apple can not physically make a better mp3 player whereas this mp3player was made in order to make as much profit as possible by giving to people the very minimum amount of functions and storage. It’s all about the money in our society. Consequently, mass communication media networks mislead people by trying to sell them â€Å"fashion† objects, â€Å"fashion styles† which will generate lots of money. Obviously, few of us manage to fit to these criteria. Therefore the other part feels frustrated and tries desperately to fight against that fact, against the fact they do not fit to the mold. Actually, from a certain point of view we are not very far from the â€Å"1984† book vision written by George Orwell. Some people have the power, the power to influence us; considered as average people. We are watched, studied by powerful people who try to make as much money as possible. We don’t c reate new dressing styles, somebody creates it for us. In this identity race, people forget their true needs, their inner will. The most important thing is to get a better job, to buy a better car, a bigger house etc. Money is the key to their success because with money, most people think that they can buy happiness and freewill. Thus, communication between people, either verbal or non verbal communication is distracted by the fact that we constantly want more. We want our neighbor’s car, house or even his wife. We desperately identify ourselves to objects which seem to give a sense to our living. We can compare to each other and compete with each other. Friendships, Love become old fashioned values stereotyped by Hollywood movie stars. We isolate ourselves in an individualistic microcosm created by the mass consumption society. Research Papers on The Internet's Effect On Interaction and Communication With Others - EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paper

Healthy Snacks Lesson Plan

Healthy Snacks Lesson Plan Title: Investigating Healthy Snacks Goal/Key Idea: The overall goal of this lesson is for students to understand that eating foods that are low in fat is important for their overall good health. Objective: The learner will analyze snack foods to determine if they are high in fat as well as identify snack foods that are low in fat. Materials: Brown PaperPencilsOilGrocery ads Science Words: fatsOilsSnacksLow-fatHigh-fat Anticipatory Set: Access Prior Knowledge by asking students to respond to the question, Why do you think people need to eat healthy snacks? Then record their answers on chart paper. Refer back to their answers at the end of the lesson. Activity One Read the story What Happens to a Hamburger? by Paul Showers. After the story ask students the following two questions: What healthy snacks did you see in the story? (Students may answer, pears, apples, grapes)Why do you need to eat healthy food? (Students may respond, because it helps you grow) Discuss how foods that are low in fat help you develop properly, give you more energy and contribute to your overall good health. Activity Two/ A Real World Connection To help students understand that oil contains fat, and that it is found in many of the snacks that they eat, have them try the following activity: First discuss what foods are high in fat and have a lot of oil.Then have students write the word oil on a brown paper square (cut out several squares from a brown paper bag).Then have students place one drop of oil on the paper.Next, have them think of three snack foods that they like to eat and have them write these foods on three separate pieces of brown paper.Then direct students to rub each paper with the snack name on it and wait a few minutes and observe the paper.Tell students to hold their paper up to the light to see if the oil shined through the paper.Have students compare each paper with the square with the oil, then record their data.Have students answer the questions: How did the oil change the paper, and which snack foods contained oil?   Activity Three For this activity have students search through grocery ads to identify healthy snack foods. Remind children that foods that are low in fat are healthy, and foods that have a lot of fat and oil are unhealthy. Then have students write down five snack foods that are healthy and tell why they chose them. Closure Refer back to your chart on why do you think people need to eat healthy snacks, and go over their answers. Ask again, Why do we need to eat healthy? and see how their answers have changed. Assessment Use an assessment rubric to determine the students understanding of the concept. For example: Did the student conclude what snack foods are low in fat and healthy?Was the student able to distinguish different foods that were low in fat and high and in fat?Did the student choose healthy snack foods? Childrens Books to Further Explore Eating Healthy Snacks Nutrition written by Leslie Jean LeMaster - This book is discusses our bodies nutritional needs. Nutrition: Whats in the Food We Eat written by Dorothy Hinshaw Patent - This book discusses fats and talks about the food groups. Healthy Snacks (Healthy Eating My Pyramid) written by Mari C. Schuh - This book discusses healthy snacks and how to eat healthy using the food plate guide. Looking for more lesson on healthy eating? Try this lesson on healthy vs unhealthy foods.

Financial Modelling Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Financial Modelling Report - Essay Example Owing to the strong impact that 2008 financial crisis caused in the financial markets especially by exacerbating market volatility; this project will also compare the variable relationships before the crisis and after the crisis with the aim of finding out whether the crisis had caused any significant changes in the stock market dynamics. The analysis will primarily involve generation of line graphs, scatter plots, relationship tables, and use of regression analysis to compare the relationship between various variables. Analysis of regression statistics and scatter plots will be generated by SPSS while charts will be generated by Microsoft excel worksheets. The output generated from SPSS will be synthesized and presented in tables in a manner that is easy to read and understand. The dependent variable will be the return and the independent variables will include size of firm, book-to-market ratio, beta and three geographical regions including America, Asia and Europe. The three variables will be presented as dummy variables to enable multi-regression analysis. Consequently, number 1 will be assigned to the region that the sample has been obtained; and 0 will be assigned to the other regions that the sample has not been obtained. Beta is used in CAPM to measure systematic risk or volatility of a particular security relative to the market as a whole (Zhang, Shu and Brenner, 2010). Therefore, the securities with higher beta have more risk than the market and many investors would not want to invest in them. However, it is widely accepted that the securities that have high return will also have a high risk. As such, from the figure 1 and 2 below, the beta is directly proportional to the stock return, meaning that as the beta increases, the return on stocks will also increase and vice versa. The essence of a higher return in the stocks with a higher beta is to compensate the investors for the higher risk they are

Making the Kitchen Floor at the Restaurant Less Hazardous Research Proposal

Making the Kitchen Floor at the Restaurant Less Hazardous - Research Proposal Example The laxity in correcting surface safety conditions subjects the users and the public to encounter the hazards. There are several types of injuries resulting from the accidents due to poor floor conditions. The injuries range from broken bones, severe cuts, burns, and sprains. The injuries further affect the overall workmanship of those affected. There are several causes of floor relating accident. The best way of ensuring safety against flooring hazards is by ensuring the floors are in good conditions. Workplace safety is an ethical concern for everybody at the place of work. A good number of workers at the restaurant get injuries while on duty every year. In the past five years, about 25 workers have got injuries due to the poor conditions of the restaurant floor. Extra partial of the employees who get injuries are forcefully taking day offs nursing their injuries or attending to hospital for treatments. Some staff has since got permanent disabilities from the wounds. The types of i njuries resulting from the poor floor conditions range from broken bones, severe cuts, burns, and sprains. The last five cases of floor based accidents recorded austere injuries with one of the female workers Michele suffering permanent knee injury that have since paralyzed her movements and so she no longer get to work. The number of employees taking day offs is also on the rise posing challenges on the company’s performance because increase in the number of absentees reduces workforce and in turn affecting the quality of service. This report provides information to the restaurant supervisors, managers and kitchen workers on the various sources of personal accidents while in the kitchen. The immediate course of action and the various safety measures that are considered best to reduce the cases of kitchen accidents. The report identifies the loopholes on personal security.

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Research - Essay Example This research identifies a marketing idea for Live Healthy Eat Fresh Company, which is a specialized diet center that provides a complete nutritional plan, preparing dieters and normal people to set clear goals for weight loss or healthy lifestyle. The market research analyzes the market situation of the aforementioned organization, in terms of competitive forces and environmental forces. Also, in this marketing research, issues pertaining to the target market, positioning, marketing mix, budget, external and internal factors and controls for the company have been evaluated and analyzed. First Part Business Live Healthy Eat Fresh is a diet center which provides unique, healthy food. The center provides a complete nutritional plan, preparing dieters and normal people to set clear goals for weight loss or healthy lifestyle, foreseeing roaring appetite and "need to eat" moods and anticipating conduct to deal with them. The enterprise ensures that clients are welcomed by trained personne l to ensure that their welfare and satisfaction are addressed sufficiently. Through qualified and certified dietitians, Live Healthy Eat Fresh is committed to help its customers modify their standard way of eating and transform it into a healthier one. The main aim of Live Healthy Eat Fresh is to provide a unique healthy food with the best ingredients. To achieve this goal, Live Healthy Eat Fresh will be serving a variety of menus, which include, Lebanese, Indian, Italian, Chinese and American food, where quality be given the first priority. Understanding the skills that will be used to meet and exceed the customers’ expectations is important in building a market base (Shiring, Jardine and Mills 69). Therefore, the needs, wants and demands of clients will be fulfilled by provision of a variety of ingredients. Market Situation The market of the hotel and hospitality industry in the UAE is expected to improve by more than 10% in three years to come (Jones par 1). This means tha t more than Dhr 17.99 billion of revenue will be realized from the hotel and hospitality industry (Jones par 2). This dynamic growth in the hotel industry has lead to the emergence of innovative hotel designs, as well as, attraction of diverse talents. Openings by chained hoteliers and local players, as well as, internationally respected brands have been witnessed in the UAE (Euromonitor International Par 2). More hotels have been opened since 2004, making the industry more competitive. Given these developments, Live Healthy Eat Fresh is set to be affected by both environmental and competitive forces. Environmental Forces Harsh climatic conditions are prevalent in the UAE. Therefore, the country is not food self sufficient, leading to importation of majority of the country’s food and beverage products because on fifteen percent of dairy, poultry and sea products and fruits and vegetables are produced locally (International Markets Bureau Par 4). In terms of population, the UA E is composed of a large percentage of transient, expatriate-based workers. The most populated emirate is Abu Dhabi, followed by Dubai. The tremendous economic growth and development in the country has resulted into majority of the population settling in urban areas. The UAE culture has its

Business Report for Radisson Hotels and Resorts Case Study

Business Report for Radisson Hotels and Resorts - Case Study Example Additionally, Carlson and SAS (Scandinavian Airlines System) are equity holders of the Rezidor Hotel Group (Forbes); thus giving the name "Radisson SAS" outside the United States(Forbes). Moreover, it has established partner networks with more than 20 worldwide airline programs (Radisson SAS) as well as with major financial companies such as American Express, Diners Club, Discover Visa and Mastercard to provide their customers with special offers and promotions (Radisson SAS). Its vision is: "We want to be the most admired company in London and in Manchester"(Radisson Edwardian), while its mission is to provide 100% guest satisfaction (customers are able to report to the company if any dissatisfaction occurs and Radisson will take corrective action or guests are not required to pay that particular service), 100% employment engagement (i.e. full staff empowerment) as well as acquiring a positive cash flow (by keeping every customers and employees satisfied) (Radisson Edwardian). The hotel industry is facing many established competition, such as Four Seasons, Hyatt, Ritz Carlton, Le Meridien, Marriot, etc. Thus to make itself outstanding and unique, providing quality service is a strategic action. Radisson's service guarantee statement should include a promise of providing only the best service, experienced and skilled employees to ensure customer satisfaction. If the company does not fulfill its commitment, hence the business promises to repay for its mistake. It should make it acknowledged by stating it in its business plan, code of conduct, in all of its hotels (in all rooms, at the lobby, etc.), in employee's and franchisee's contract as well as in its media, website, catalogues, brochures, email newsletters, etc; to make all of its employees, customers, franchisees aware of its commitment. Technological advancements have been developing very fast in recent years. Radisson should make use of this enhancement. The business could place a customer survey questionnaire at its website or send them via email. This action will allow the company to analyze and evaluate its customer opinion around the world and thus Radisson will be able to take corrective action to ensure that its commitment of providing 'customer satisfaction' is fulfilled. By having the internet available, the communication process between the company and its customers is enhanced; customers are able to contact Radisson and receive replies from the company more rapidly. This system reduces the possibility of not responding to certain customers and also reduces time delays. In order to guarantee employee and customer satisfaction, monitoring is essential. This can be done by undertaking performance appraisals, where employees fill out a form regarding their performance as well as complaints; with this the company is not only able to know its employees' dissatisfaction but how it has affected its performance. Feedback from performance appraisals will provide information for planning in training, recruitment, selection, development, rewards and separation. Radisson should also perform a grievance procedure (2-way communication system), where employees are able to communicate their complaints and employers are able to reprimand staff for conducting unsatisfactorily performance. The 2-way communication system enables an equality of power, a better relationship

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology - Coursework Example This has led to increasing in a number of people who own exotic animals and thus its popularity in UAE. In all ecosystems, it resides in; the tiger is at the top of the food chain. If particular species in the food chain becomes wiped out, there is an unplanned effect on other species. Thus, the loss of one major predator can cause extinction of a victim species as greater rivalry presents a danger to the species (Hinnawi et al. 1987). First, since Tiger is at the top of the food chain, it keeps in check the population of gaur, sambar, wild boar and deer. The populace of these victim species would have an increase if not for tiger to control. Jointly, these paybacks are referred to as ecosystem services. Environmental services are the vital benefits for human beings that occur from healthily working ecosystems, particularly production of water detoxification, soil genesis, and oxygen. Adverse effects on economic development and human welfare. Without the protection of tigers, ecological services like natural flood controls, clean air, clean water and other forest resources would be in danger. Tiger needs these environmental services. Ecotourism is tourism aimed at toward foreign, often endangered, natural environments, particularly to observe wildlife and sustain conservation efforts. Ecotourism will not exist in UAE since if there was a plan to create this business it would not work as tigers face extinction. If single species in the food chain becomes wiped out there is an unplanned effect on other species. The loss of a major predator can indeed cause the extinction of a victim species as superior rivalry presents a danger to the species. It will lead climate change. Wiping out tigers implies that the forests, which are at present, secluded as principal home, would be probably fall victim to unlawful logging, conversion to development and agriculture. This results in increased CO2 production and climate transformation. Keeping wildcat

A perspective of modern labour relations Orange Business Services Research Paper

A perspective of modern labour relations Orange Business Services - Research Paper Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that Charles Leadbeater one of the world’s leading authorities on innovation and creativity in organisations said, the primary role of organisations is to get work done. This necessitates that (1) organisations must motivate its people to work so that they contribute most effectively to the collective behaviour; (2) coordinate the collective output to ensure that it fits together and takes place in the right order; and (3) they must innovate continuously by learning, adapting and evolving with the demand of the environment in which they operate and explore opportunities for change. Yet experience dictates that this seemingly simple analogy: motivate; coordinate; innovate is in fact is most complex task for corporates across continents and commerce, some of which apparently are in the state of civil war. As old industrial world recipes of organisation, work and leadership are gradually becoming passà ©, organisations are innovating to find newer ways of motivating, coordinating and innovating simultaneously with more and more open and networked organisations. Wikipedia, Linux, eBay, YouTube, and many more organisations operating in that direction have raised questions on the concepts of traditional, top-down closed organisations. Organisations are now moving from highly collectivised and unionised environments to highly individualist entities bringing newer realities for labour relations. Amidst this, the author made an attempt to get the current perspective of labour relations in a successful multinational technology enterprise – Orange Business Services. The author interviewed unofficially the officials engaged in labour relations division. The objective was to understand how an old world enterprise such as French Telecom has evolved its labour relations to become one of most successful branded service provider worldwide. The choice of Orange business services was obvious as it is a glo bal leader in communication services with a highly technical workforce that are able to deliver coherent innovative services in spite of working in areas such as cloud and convergence where organisational hierarchies are difficult to prevail . Besides, Orange with a clientele of over 3700 multinational companies in the sphere of collaboration, customer relationship management, mobility, M2M and vertical solutions was a fit case for the study as the company is a recipient of many awards and accolades including the Best Global Operator award at the World Communications Award for four consecutive years (2006-2009) (the only company to have this); and the ‘World Class’ ranking for superior customer satisfaction for the tenth consecutive time (SITA, 2011). 2. Labour relations at Orange Business Services The author interviewed the Labour Relations Manager of Orange Business Services, by a prior appointment in their newly acquired premises where nearly over 2000 employees in v arious cadres were engaged. This office now housed all the employees which were working in three different parts of the city. However, the Labour Relations Manager agreed for this interview on an informal and anonymous basis. For the purpose of referencing, he advised to approach the company headquarters and obtain permission prior to interviewing. However, due to paucity of time and the requirement being largely to meet academic needs, the author went ahead with the interviews. Due to this

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology - Coursework Example This has led to increasing in a number of people who own exotic animals and thus its popularity in UAE. In all ecosystems, it resides in; the tiger is at the top of the food chain. If particular species in the food chain becomes wiped out, there is an unplanned effect on other species. Thus, the loss of one major predator can cause extinction of a victim species as greater rivalry presents a danger to the species (Hinnawi et al. 1987). First, since Tiger is at the top of the food chain, it keeps in check the population of gaur, sambar, wild boar and deer. The populace of these victim species would have an increase if not for tiger to control. Jointly, these paybacks are referred to as ecosystem services. Environmental services are the vital benefits for human beings that occur from healthily working ecosystems, particularly production of water detoxification, soil genesis, and oxygen. Adverse effects on economic development and human welfare. Without the protection of tigers, ecological services like natural flood controls, clean air, clean water and other forest resources would be in danger. Tiger needs these environmental services. Ecotourism is tourism aimed at toward foreign, often endangered, natural environments, particularly to observe wildlife and sustain conservation efforts. Ecotourism will not exist in UAE since if there was a plan to create this business it would not work as tigers face extinction. If single species in the food chain becomes wiped out there is an unplanned effect on other species. The loss of a major predator can indeed cause the extinction of a victim species as superior rivalry presents a danger to the species. It will lead climate change. Wiping out tigers implies that the forests, which are at present, secluded as principal home, would be probably fall victim to unlawful logging, conversion to development and agriculture. This results in increased CO2 production and climate transformation. Keeping wildcat

Impact of the Computer and Internet Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Computer and Internet Essay Computers first made there debut and have been around since in the 1940s and the Internet since in the 1970s. Computer were large single room unit that have changed into hand held devices and microchips. The Internet was a blog where people from all over the world could post questions and get answers and now the Internet has become a global search engine. In the future, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our every day life. In the future, our days tasks will be checked using a personal robotic butler, the misplaced car keys will be located by entering the word keys into a cellphone and getting a call back saying bedroom. Our cars will be self driven and would be able to park themselves. After work, there may be ads on the shopping mall wall reconfigure to suit each person passing by, so when there is a sign for a concert, you buy a ticket by waving your cellphone over the billboard. This next wave of computers will be so small they hardly seem like computers at all. The screen of billboards will be able to broadcast different ad depending on the time of day or the person walking past. People will be able take a picture of the ad using their camera phones and use it as a coupon for the product being advertised. They may also be able to project imagies of family member which you talk to them on telephone call. In the future, the number one major issue will be privacy. We are currently leaving a digital footprints and it will only grow larger in the future. Tracking someone can be iillgal and has raised troubling privacy issues but in recents years people are giving up this information free. Websites like Twiter, Myspace and Facebook give people the ablity to post and check into area all around the world. People are also allowing strangors to know if they are on vaction and even some people are allowing their address and information to be put on these sites. The social inpact of allowing computer to expand will be huge. Police and government surveillance could go beyond wiretapping to body-tapping. Big business could track a persons spending and shopping habits. On the criminal front, the sensors could enable better stalking, kidnapping, and theft now that our every location is broadcast to the world. The only way were going to be able to have privacy in the future is to have it legislated. People want our data and will do anything to get it. We need to be able to protect ourselves and the only was to do it in the future is to not allow computer to tap into our lives. The internet brings as wide an audience together as possible. With the importance of accessibility getting the recognition it deserves lately. Rather than reading and clicking, the people will be able to tell a browser where they want to go with spoken commands. People now read newspapers watch television and listen to the radio via the Internet and soon all of our communications phones, TV, and the Web will be delivered over a high-speed broadband connection. People are also creating their own media including blog posts, music and videos and sharing them with huge audiences without needing permission from the gatekeepers. The Internet is changing the way most everyone experiences media. According to Free Press. com â€Å"It could become the central nervous system of a healthy democracy the greatest engine for free speech, civic engagement and economic growth ever known†. It may be our last, best hope to make an end-run around the traditional media gatekeepers. There is a similar threat to society because of the open Internet today, and the stakes couldnt be higher. High-speed Internet access is fast becoming a basic public necessity, just like water or electricity. To protect free-flowing Internet access for everyone, people need to get involved. It has gone from lifeless and robotic to something a lot more palatable in the last few years, and seems to continue to improve. Another issue could be keeping some users away because that the Internet can be a vast and scary place. Audio surfing could be perfect for the commuters, children learning to read, step-by-step tutorials as well as the casual multitasking user. In the future, web surfing could be available on any device. It seems the technology industry is eager to integrate the Internet into every device. People will start by adding touch-screens to fridges and other appliances might create new opportunities and challenges for interfacing. Touch screen technology is only scratching the surface on intuitive pproaches to interfacing. More widespread Internet delivery will mean reaching a wider audience. The major weakness to the increase of connected devices comes in the same flavor as the raging net neutrality issues being discussed today. If the Internet is tied into content devices like televisions, broadcasting companies might start pulling more of their annoying control-freak shenanigans in an attempt to capture a greater audience. This will be temporary; the battle of old-media vs. the Internet has only one ending for years, the Internet has been about serving the singular user. With the growing need and importance of online community, multiple-user experiences seem like the next logical step. The social impact of the internet will be negative at the rate the internet is going. As people use the internet more, they will be able to keeping up with people more, spending less time talking with their families, and feeling more lonely and depressed due to the lack of human interaction. These results can change interpersonal communication was their most important reason for using the Internet. Online platforms, for instance, have reduced the costs of communicating and minimized the impact of barriers like time and geography. In conclusion, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our everyday life. The internet will bring us wider audiences and accessibility to people all over the world. Both will have negative and positive aspect in society but may bring the world as we know it closer.

Critical Evaluation Of Ethnography And Grounded Theory

Critical Evaluation Of Ethnography And Grounded Theory It is obvious that research is an important element of our everyday life. Research is everywhere we go; it is background of everything we face in our present time like for example management, marketing or finance. There are two main streams of performing a particular research; it is qualitative method which is based mostly of words and statements or quantitative which involves statistics and empirical evidence. Two out of three most frequently discussed qualitative approaches which are grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology would be discussed in this paper (Avis, 2003). In the first part of this paper I am about to discuss the main idea of ethnography. I am going to discover what is it and I would talk about the methods of research ethnographers use in order to get information they need, for making a relative conclusion. In addition, in this research paper I would to talk about what are the problems the researchers face in obtaining and evaluating obtained observations. This part would present several example of how this method could be applied in everyday life. Second part would show the differences between two approaches ethnography and positivism approach. The purpose of this part is to show the understanding of ethnographic research method from positivist perspective. Third part of this research paper would debate about second most frequently discussed qualitative approach, grounded theory. What is it, what are main notions of this research method? Moreover, I would discuss main methods and techniques of this research and the areas where it is usually applied. In addition I would pay attention on the methods of hypothesis formation and testing. In fourth part I would discuss grounded theory method from positivist point of view. I would argue why this research method would not suit positivists requirements. My argument would present the examples of how certain grounded theory research could be performed from positivist point of view. Last but not least, this research paper would present differences between two most frequent qualitative research methods, grounded theory and ethnography. Ethnography In general ethnography is a qualitative research method that recognized as a participant observation, it is the method where researcher contributes his or her time examining, communicating or cooperating with a social group. By observing and communicating with a social group researcher could understand how a particular group ties their relationships among each other, how a particular culture was built and maintained in order to keep social group together (Brown-Saracino, Thurk, Fine, 2008). Making research ethnographers mostly focused on actions and intentions of the social group. Researcher observing the social group on daily bases tries to understand what idea is behind of a particular deed or objective (Herbert, 2000). By getting new information about the group, understanding what they take for granted, ethnographer could identify structure of their actions. Detailed examination of the groups behavior on daily basis separates ethnography from other qualitative researches, like in terviews (Power, 2002). Any group of persons prisoners, primitives, pilots or patients develops a life of their own that becomes meaningful, reasonable, and normal once you get close to it, and a good way to learn about any of these worlds is to submit oneself in the company of the members to the daily round of petty contingencies to which they are subject (Goffman, 1961, pp. 9-10). There are various methods which researchers use in order to get a data about a particular group. One of the best examples of how ethnographer could participate in a groups activities is research made by Burawoy (1979), he worked as a machine operator for ten months in a Chicago factory in order to answer the question, why workers of the factory do not work harder. Some researchers were trying to achieve more close relationships with the groups of study; however, some relationships are unchangeable. Ethnographers usually balance between being insider and outsider, they are trying to see everything through the eyes of the social group ethnographers trying to analyze and in the same time trying to see whole picture in general applying theories (Taber, 2010). According to Power (2002) ethnographer has to maintain two positions at the same time. One, he or she has to be a good actor, who can engage obtained information in ongoing interaction. Second, has to be rational and logical scienti st to correctly interpret obtained information. Interviews, surveys and questioners are completely different from ethnography because rather than to examine what people say, ethnographers examine both what people say and do. There is huge gap between described relationships and reality. The fact that ethnographer can differentiate between deeds and words make ethnography more informative methodology (Liebow, 1967). Furthermore, ethnography involves more emotions and feelings. By getting inside of the social group researchers has to change his or her habits, sights and tastes. It is also an important factor in evaluation of observations (Dennison, Wintrob, Brunt, 1972). The research made by Herbert (2000) in Los Angeles Police Department involved emotional responds because witnessing of suicide had a huge impact on him and this changed the observation results. Because of emotional effect, policemans job appeared to him very tough and only for people with strong heart. Ethnography from positivists perspective. Looking on ethnographic methodology from positivist point of view, we can agree and disagree in certain extent with ethnographers epistemology. First of all, both of them, ethnographers and positivists, make some kind of observations in order to get information. However, the information ethnographers get is completely different from what positivists trying to achieve in their research. As it was mentioned before ethnography uses observations and involvement methods in order to understand what is the culture and behavior of the social group. Taking as example the experience of Burawoy (1979), ethnographer who entered society of factory workers to obtain information about why workers do not work harder. The idea of research made by Burawoy was to see the world through the eyes of those workers he was working with, understand their feelings and emotions. Whereas, positivist researcher would not try to put him or herself in shoes of another person he or she would rather employ empirical analysis in this case and for example would pay attention on such factors as what is the duration of working day, how often workers have to stay overtime, how often workers go out to smoke or everything that affects workers productivity. According to Trochim (2006) the idea of positivism is to focus on what we could examine and evaluate, everything that goes outside of this scope is considered as impossible. Also Silverman (1998) stated that there is no agreed doctrine underlying all qualitative social research. Ethnographers do not have certain rule to perform their analysis, while positivists follow certain set of rules during analysis (Avis, 2003). Date collection is general aspect of qualitative research mostly in form of words and statements, and the method of analysis they use do not involve statistics or empirical analysis (Cepeda Martine, 2005). In above paragraph I was giving the example of research made by Herbert (2000) who went to analyze policemens job. He was saying that case of suicide terrified him so much that his emotions affected his conclusion about his research. In case of positivism this is not acceptable; positivism states that this is only one truth (Somers, 1998). In case of positivism there cannot be to different interpretation of same results. Moreover, if pay attention on the speed of research performance, positivists would say that ethnography is not efficient methodology. In order to get information ethnographer has to go inside of the company and spend ten, like in case of (Burawoy, 1979), or more month in order to obtain observations from a group of people. Whereas, positivists could obtain information of the whole company roughly in same period of time. Positivism covers bigger sample size rather than ethnography (Amaratunga, Baldry, Sarshar, Newton, 2002). Grounded theory Originally, grounded theory was introduced by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967 (Strauss Corbin, 1998).Grounded theory was developed by leaning on the experience which they had in one of the Chicago school and also by taking into account the criticism; they developed their own strategy of data analysis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Design of the research frequently relies on the reviewing literature which leads to formation of hypothesis. After this, hypothesis would be tested in the real world. Whereas grounded theory examines the realities and analyses the data without any hypothesis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). In the qualitative research the analysis of data can be described differently as the result of an interpretivist point of view on a certain event or action. In grounded theory the analysis of data includes searching for concepts which are behind the reality, by searching for codes, concepts and categories. Creation of the grounded theory passes three stages induction, deduc tion and verification (Strauss, 1987), each of them are absolutely important to formation of the new theory. Also it is important to notice that all three stages, according to Strauss, will be involved in research not consistently, and to some extent are present at each stage of research. To make the construction of theory more systematized, Glazer and Strauss offer several necessary strategies of the analysis in qualitative research. Firstly, analytical process must alternate with process of gathering information or even to go in parallel with it. Secondly, observance of this principle allows to create theoretical sampling in the process of research, purpose of which, is to represent not the investigated group of people (object of research), but the aspects, properties of characteristic or quality of the investigated phenomenon (subject of research). Theoretical sample is a process of data gathering for theory generating by means of which the analyst collects, unites, codes, analyzes the data and decide, what of them to collect at a following stage and where to search for them to develop the theory in process of occurrence. This process of data gathering is supervised by the appearing theory (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Thirdly, to make a continuous comparative analysis, this could be used at different stages of analytical process. Defining the place of the comparative analysis, in the developed methodological field, authors place it between two basic strategies, the approaches of the analysis. The first approach is the content-analysis at first the coding model must be set, and then data must be gathered regularly, estimated and analyzed on in advance certain, invariable and uniform scales for all of them which allow to give to the qualitative data, quantitative form. On the basis of the new structured data file by means of numerical model are proved preliminary put forward hypotheses (are accepted or denied). Glazer and Strauss connect second approach with a situation when it is necessary to develop some preliminary ideas or hypotheses. In this case operation of detailed coding can slow down the achievement of the objective, therefore the analyst only looks through the data for a finding of new properties of theoretical categories and writes memo s about these properties (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Such approach describes more likely an initial stage of coding and for theory construction is insufficient, as constant transformation and reintegration of the data in process of accumulation and the material review in the latter case is required. And the third corresponds to this problem, offered by authors, the approach. It connects in analytical procedures of constant comparison procedure of the developed coding the first and style of development of the theory of the second. The purpose of a method of constant comparison in which coding and the analysis, theory generating are united more regularly, than is supposed in the second approach, by means of use of the developed coding and analytical procedures. Being more systematized, than the second approach, a method of constant comparisons at the same time is not connected and with the first which is developed for preliminary testing, instead of theory opening. Grounded theory from positivists perspective. In my opinion from positivism point of view grounded theory is not quite correct decision for theory deducing. Strauss mentioned that in some cases it is better to start the research with an initial hypothesis which can be changed or evaluate during the research (Glaser Strauss, 1967). In this case I think that the initial idea can be lost which has been introduced originally in the research. Whereas from the positivists point of view the theory or hypothesis must be suggested and only then it must be tested, without changing its initially idea (Trochim, 2006). The result of this test should confirm or deny this theory or hypothesis. Use of grounded theory is useful in area as medicine; many researchers use the given approach for research of this area. For instance grounded theory was used in order to understand how Medical Family Therapy helps patients to deal with complex family dynamics that usually happens after hospitalization, also the therapy was directed to help people to av oid next hospitalization (Anderson, Huff, Hodgson, 2008). In addition, as it was mentioned by (Trochim, 2006) positivist seeking to find one single truth, whereas one of the parts of the grounded theory research is coding the possible answers of participant, this is a certain type of interpretation due to the fact that every single researcher codes information in a unique way which is not acceptable by positivist researcher (Allan, 2003). Similarities and Differences of Grounded Theory and Ethnography. Grounded theory and ethnography can be very compatible; as ethnographic studies may give the wide explanation which can be extremely valuable data, for grounded theory analysis (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Some of these compatibilities came from the similarities in the characteristics of these two approaches. Ethnography is observing and analyzing behavior in natural conditions and the grounded theory makes collecting of data in the natural conditions too. Also there are similarities in backgrounds, both grounded theory and ethnography came from sociology, but in addition to ethnography it has also anthropological background. The main focus of this approaches are different where grounded theory stands for developing the theory whereas ethnography describing and interpreting a culture. In data collection both approaches gather information through different kinds of interviews, but ethnography moved beyond using observations of other (Creswell, 2006). Conclusion In this coursework I talk about two qualitative approaches ethnography and grounded theory. These two approaches are used in many areas of our life. They help us to justify some undiscovered phenomenas that we face. They both have similarities and differences which makes them unique in certain areas. As it was mentions above ethnography focuses on describing and interpretation of culture of the certain group of people. Whereas, grounded theory is used to grounding the theory in the view of people (Creswell, 2006). I looked on these two qualitative approaches from the perspective of positivist. I found that mostly positivism do not support both of them. In my opinion both of this approaches are time consuming in discovering certain hypothesis or theory. Also, as it was mentioned above positivists are seeking for single truth, whereas in both qualitative approaches, grounded theory and ethnography, could be found multiple truths depending on research emotions, feelings and understandings. In addition, I mentioned that one more criteria that is used by positivists comparing to grounded theory and ethnography which is statistical or empirical data analysis. Only because both qualitative approaches use mostly words and statements positivists could reject such evidence.