True Friendship Essay Example

Genuine Friendship Essay Example Genuine Friendship Essay Genuine Friendship Essay Francisco Castro English 11 Mr. Woythaler/Mr. Lombardo February 27, 2010 In the novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck numerous points come up all through the story. Subjects that are about bonds between two individuals and about individuals who are forlorn. These controlling thoughts are utilized to make various subjects in the story. The novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck communicates subjects of Friendship and Loneliness through different scholarly components. The subject of a genuine companion that is consistently there when he rather is elsewhere is communicated using portrayal and strife. George is portrayed as a genuine, touchy man however he has a solid bond with Lennie. He had consistently recounted to a story with Lennie about a fantasy and keeping in mind that he was stating the story Lennie says, â€Å"But not us! An’ why? Since . . . since I got you to take care of me, and you got me to take care of me and that’s why† (14). George consistently is incensed by botches Lennie does and in some cases wishes he wasn’t with Lennie yet he stays since he actually needs him and Lennie needs him as well. Lennie is portrayed as a moderate witted agreeable man. Lennie is a caring individual he is the most delightful animal yet he has a quality that he can't control. He is so solid he can’t control it now and again and it has caused Curley to break his hand and the demise of Curley’s spouse. He is moderate witted and necessities George to direct him however here and there he needs control so he jumps at the chance to pet things and assume responsibility for them. Struggle is another artistic gadget that builds up the topic. The Conflict among Lennie and Curley when Lennie had executed Curley’s spouse accidently demonstrated the fellowship among George and Lennie. George chose to execute Lennie so that Lennie would kick the bucket without knowing as opposed to being perhaps tormented and biting the dust with the information on it. George revealed to Lennie his tale about their fantasy and shot him in the rear of the head without knowing so Lennie kicked the bucket joyfully. George amusingly spared his companion from being murdered by slaughtering him arranged by ensuring he doesn’t pass on with torment. This topic was made as a result of scholarly gadgets and can make more subjects all through the story. The topic

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Envision working a 100 hour work week as a slave, being so urgent for food that you eat snakes, rodents, and human carcasses to remain alive, and being compelled to observe open executions of your nearest relatives. This is the truth for the 176,000 political and cooperative detainees living in North Korean jails without any rights, no preliminary, and no explanation. The world should respect the human rights maltreatment in North Korean as a significant issue in the event that we wish to stop the torment, murder, and starvation that it authorizes on its kin. Acknowledgment for our requirement for essential human rights is required to see how North Korea denies its kin from the decisions we as residents of the USA underestimate. The United Nation’s office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights says that â€Å"human rights will be rights natural to all human beings†. These rights incorporate the rights to life, freedom, property, development, articulation, and security. The United States has various rights engrained in its Bill of Rights, similar to one side to an expedient preliminary, opportunity from harboring troopers, and the opportunity to a local army. North Korea has had its detainment facilities for over 5 decades, and its experience returns to the Korean War, when they put away their Prisoners of War and the individuals from the restriction in the camps. They have proceeded to today, regardless of the way that the North Korean government denies their reality. Those outwardly mostly get their data from jail escapees and satellite symbolism, and by these declarations we can just make instructed surmises on the populace, area, and size of the camps. Shin Dong-hyuk has helped the remainder of the world comprehend what jail life resembled, for his story is frequenting. He was conceived in a jail camp... ...t? In fact, probably the greatest trap that we as individuals have died down from is publicizing the dismissal of rights from the North Korean people groups, and we have overlooked that we can get out the word to top discretionary authorities on how and when we wish to battle the infringement. Getting the message out is one of the most accommodating things you can as of now do to, as you, as an American, reserve the privilege to popular government and the people’s decision in issues, a correct that North Korean residents have been glaringly denied. Get taught on these issues through books, sites and narratives, at that point go spread the data you have been given. As help for the detainees develops, so will bolster for humankind in general, it will be at exactly that point that the issue of North Korea’s death camps will be brought to the conciliatory table for and by the individuals any place they will dwell.

10 Leadership Assignments

10 Leadership Assignments There are numerous  components to leadership, and many of them are written about frequently. In fact, I wrote a blog five years ago, Would You Follow You? Top 10 Ways to Be a Leader, where I listed my top 10 picks of leadership qualities. A lot of these traits would still be on my list. What’s missing  from the  list, however, is practical advice on  how to  improve in those highlighted  leadership  areas. For instance, if you are not delivering clear, consistent communication, what can you do to start doing so? If you are not leading with vision, what will get you there? It’s easy to read lists and say “that’s great”â€"but how will you change your behavior to increase your effectiveness? The Assignment Way of Living At the Wright Foundation for Human Potential, where I do the bulk of my leadership training, I have discovered what’s called the “assignment way of living.” At any given time, I am working on anywhere from two to four assignments. Of course, having assignments is not useful unless you DO them, and I’m usually a pretty responsible student, so I do them as much as possible. Being a great leader, and living into all the qualities that make a leader, takes doing your homework. The cool thing about this is that homework can be fun and even nourishing! In the group I’m currently working with at Wright, each of us has a leadership assignment to further our growth. I thought I would share these with you so that you can get a sense of how the “assignment way of living” can further your own growth as a leader. Alpha. This one sounds best for people whose names begin with the letter “A” (e.g., Alpha Annie). But it works regardless of the first letter of your name! The Alpha assignment will be good for you if you are someone, perhaps a project manager, who wants to be an outstanding plannerâ€"and be so good at planning that others follow your example. It includes planning for breakdowns and having contingency plans in place. Gone Viral. This assignment will help you if you want to generate more enthusiasm and increase your ability to energize a group, mobilizing them toward goals and a mission. You will start giving more recognition to others, thus garnering their support and investment. Both Sides of the Telescope. This assignment requires looking at yourself inquisitively and as accurately as possible, at the same time as you look at others. This action creates mutuality and also a clear picture of your own skill gaps and the skill gaps of others so that steps can be taken to fill them. Then of course, you take those steps. Happy Customers. This one is pretty straightforward. Its purpose is to help you anticipate, elicit, and respond effectively to objections! When you do this, you become more capable of keeping customers happy when inevitable objections arise. In-the-Moment Visions. This is my assignment and it’s meant for someone whose job it is to set agendas and guide people. One trick here is to have a clear vision for myself that I share with my team. I had known it was important to set visions for projects and to create visions for other people. But I’m discovering that when I share my own vision for myself with others, they often want to support me in making that vision a reality. O.V. (Points of View) on the Scene. This assignment is helpful for increasing your influence. By presenting your own point of view, your can persuade others to shift their thinking and actionâ€"even in difficult and pressure-filled situations. Good Done. Complete daily tasks and deliverables on time and on budget. The vision here is to meet goals and deadlines consistently, and anticipate when a goal will not be met so you can apply alternative plans to meet the goal. Scan Report (In Out). In this assignment you work on scanning for problems as well as synergies to determine what is wanted and needed. Done well, this assignment will make you the person the team turns to as an antenna to get a read on the pulse of the team. Busy Honey Bee. The honey bee assignment encourages you to be thorough and do your due diligence. You will be on top of details and set standards for others to follow. Losada Colada. I had this assignment last year. Someone with this assignment becomes more inspiring by saying at least 3 positive things for each negative thing she says. People start to like her more and want to please her more. This is by no means a complete list of leadership assignments. The possibilities are truly endless and I encourage you to have fun with creating assignments and assignment names that will move you toward your leadership goals. - An Invitation If you want to get a more comprehensive introduction to the “assignment way of living,” I encourage you to attend the Foundations Training at the Wright Foundation for the Realization of Human Potential in Chicago. Contact me through the form on my site and I will provide you with a code to come to the weekend at no cost.

The Role of Assistant Principals in Schools

Essay on Alfred Hitchcocks Works of Crime Fiction

Creative works are organised into a specific genre. Genre can be concisely defined as a set of conventions and expectations which audiences will grow accustomed to over time. Conventions within a genre will limit and shape the meaning perceived by audiences. Through time, as contexts alter, so do values; though conventions remain the same. Some composers make their texts more appealing once they challenge the original conventions of a genre and thus attract a wider audience. By doing this, composers are able to present their audiences with new themes and values relative to their social contexts. Crime fiction has often adapted these processes and has become a genre of its own with intriguing plots fuelling the audience’s inquisitive†¦show more content†¦Lisa (Jeff’s partner) justifies her views by saying, â€Å"Lots of wives nag and men hate them, and trouble starts – but very, very, very few of them end up in murder –† to which Jeff replie s, â€Å"It’s pretty hard to stay away from the word (murder) isn’t it?† reflecting what the audience of their context might have been thinking. Family values are embedded into the minds of people of that context as Stella (nurse) holds a belief that; â€Å"A man is always ready for marriage – with the right girl.† Marriage and its importance in society is a pinnacle concept as all subplots seen in the windows Jeff looks through, concerns relationships and/or marriage. Hitchcock has achieved his purpose of challenging the conventions and scrutinising values through his specialty genre. Another sub-genre of The Golden Age was the Realists, which is the main portrayal of unlikely ‘detective’ Jeff in the film ‘Rear Window’. Realist texts often revealed much about society at the time. This sub-genre eventually led into ‘Hard-Boiled’ crime fiction that became prominent in American crime writing. Hard-Boiled detectives were generally streetwise detectives who were tough talkers and cynical thinkers. Jeff is conveyed as an atypical hard-boiled detective as his movements are restricted. His only way of investigating the crime is by close observation through his camera and binoculars. Point ofShow MoreRelatedClassical Hollywood1981 Words   |  8 Pagesacquiring the necessary information on the classical Hollywood system. Because of my research I now have good understanding of this subject and its various topics. Film scholars have long divided narrative fiction films into three stylistic categories: classical, realist, and formalist. In the following essay I intend to discuss in detail the characteristic features of the classical Hollywood narrative style of film making. The narrative structure of thisRead MoreEssay about Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window and the Crime Fiction Genre2515 Words   |  11 PagesAlfred Hitchcocks Rear Window continues and expands on traditional themes of the Detective Fiction Genre. In 1841, Murder in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allan Poe broke the traditional character constraints of the Crime Fiction Genre, by introducing a new type of lead detective figure. The ideal detective figure encompassed traits of superiority, intelligence, wit and a keen sense for observation. The lead detective figure is a sophisticated character that is not bound to the constrictions and limitationsRead More The Legend of Ed Gein and His Filmi c Rebirth Essay1992 Words   |  8 PagesThe Legend of Ed Gein and His Filmic Rebirth So you want to hear a legend hmm? Well, Ill give you what you want, but taint nothin ‘bout it fiction. Now, you one of them scholarly types aint ya–college and libraries and all that crap, right? Well, college kiddy you may think you know it all, but I know a thing or two about a thing or two. You havent seen nothin. You dont know a damn thing until you step right into the path of a cold-blooded killer. ‘Til you look that crazy sumabitchRead More Constructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo Essay3254 Words   |  14 PagesConstructing Fantasy in Hitchcocks Vertigo The amount of critical analysis surrounding Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo is itself dizzying, but as the film has recently been restored, it seems appropriate to provide it with a fresh critical reading. The purpose of this paper then, is to draw this film out of the past with a reading that offers not only a new way of understanding it, but a close look at the culture that produced it. Specifically, Vertigo offers its most exciting ideas when contextualizedRead MoreHow To Analyze Films Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagesresponsible for ensuring that the images appearing on screen are presented to reflect the mood or the emotional effect and the style seen by the film director, producer, and writer as essential to conveying its meaning. The director of photography works closely with the director and interprets the action of the story in terms of light, shade, composition, and camera movement. Other responsibilities include selecting the type of lens to be used for a shot, which influ ences the appearance of the imageRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBenson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left

Measurement and Nominal B. Ordinal Free Essays

Quantitative Analysis for Business Final E Progress: (0/30) 1) The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to A. summarize data in a useful and informative manner B. make inferences about a population C. We will write a custom essay sample on Measurement and Nominal B. Ordinal or any similar topic only for you Order Now determine if the data adequately represents the population D. gather or collect data 2) The general process of gathering, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data is called A. statistics B. descriptive statistics C. inferential statistics D. levels of measurement 3) The performance of personal and business investments is measured as a percentage, return on investment. What type of variable is return on investment? A. Qualitative B. Continuous C. Attribute D. Discrete 4) What type of variable is the number of robberies reported in your city? A. Attribute B. Continuous C. Discrete D. Qualitative 5) What level of measurement is the number of auto accidents reported in a given month? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 6) The names of the positions in a corporation, such as chief operating officer or controller, are examples of what level of measurement? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 7) Shoe sizes, such as 7B, 10D, and 12EEE, are examples of what level of measurement? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio ) Monthly commissions of first-year insurance brokers are $1,270, $1,310, $1,680, $1,380, $1,410, $1,570, $1,180, and $1,420. These figures are referred to as A. a histogram B. raw data C. frequency distribution D. frequency polygon 9) A small sample of computer operators shows monthly incomes of $1,950, $1,775, $2,060, $1,840, $1,795, $1,890, $1,925, and $1,810. What are these ungrouped numbers called? A. Histogram B. Class limits C. Class frequencies D. Raw data 10) The sum of the deviations of each data value from this measure of central location will always be 0. A. Mode B. Mean C. Median D. Standard deviation How to cite Measurement and Nominal B. Ordinal, Papers

Media and Entertainment free essay sample

ndia’s Media and Entertainment: Introduction The Media and Entertainment (ME) industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. The industry primarily involves the creation, aggregation and distribution of content, products and services, news and information, advertising and entertainment through various channels and platforms such as Television, Print, Radio, and Films. Poised to grow at a compounded rate of 14 per cent to touch US$ 28 billion by 2015, the sector registered a growth of 11 per cent in 2010 over 2009 garnering US$ 14. 4 billion in revenue, according to a report released by KPMG and a leading industry body in March 2011. The report estimates the industry to achieve 13 per cent growth rate in 2011. While television and print continued to dominate the Indian ME industry, sectors such as gaming, digital advertising, and animation VFX grew at a faster rate and show tremendous potential in the coming years. India’s Media and Entertainment: Growth Driver s The industry’s strong growth potential is attributed to factors such as: * Growing potential of the regional markets Increasing media penetration and per capita consumption, and * Rising importance of New Media (online media) driven by changing media consumption patterns * The Government’s thrust on digitisation and addressability for cable television, is expected to increase the pace of digitisation leading to tremendous growth in DTH and digital cable In 2010, advertising spends grew by 17 per cent to US$ 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Media and Entertainment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 93 billion and accounted for 41 per cent of overall industry size. Revenues from television advertising and subscription are expected to touch US$ 4. billion and US$ respectively during 2015, according to the report. Television Burgeoning channels and rich content have set Indian television industry into an attractive growth phase. The country is the third largest TV market in the world. The television industry is expected to grow by 12. 9 per cent cumulatively over 2009-14, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The industry grew by 15. 5 per cent in 2010 and is slated to register a growth rate of 13 per cent in 2012. TV will remain the highest grosser of revenues and is expected to corner 45. per cent of the total ad pie this year, a further rise from 44. 5 per cent in 2010. Growing popularity of the direct-to-home (DTH) services is an interesting development in the Indian television industry. India had 23. 1 million active subscribers by the end of 2010, as per Media Partners Asia, translating penetration of television homes to 16 per cent. India is also poised to become the worlds largest DTH satellite pay TV market by 2015, with a projected 70 million subscribers. The shipment of LCD, LED and Plasma TV models almost doubled in India in the January-March 2011 period driven by strong demand from cricket world cup, according to the latest DisplaySearch quarterly India TV shipment and forecast database. The total TV market in India for the first quarter was 3. 7 million units, accounting for 41. 5 per cent of the Asia-Pacific TV market. During this period, LCD TV shipments grew by 94 per cent reaching one million units. Music The music industry in India has always been dominated by film music. The industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 28. 6 per cent over 2010-14, reaching US$ 567. 6 million in 2014, reports PwC. With the advent of new technologies such as 2G and 3G, and increasing mobile penetration India’s music industry is scaling on a high note. Handset major Nokia launched its music store in India; Hungama announced the launch of two portals Hungama. com and Artistaloud and Saregama too launched its music portal. Radio The size of the Indian radio industry was at US$ 171. 8 million with 250 stations in the year 2009 and is expected to reach a size of US$ 360. 32 million with over 700 stations by 2014, says an industry report. With regard to FM radio, 248 Channels were operational in the year 2010 and revenues to the government were to the tune of US$ 11. 23 million dollars. In 2011, the radio industry is expected to clock revenues of US$ 226 million, as per the Pitch Madison Media Advertising Outlook 2011. Animation and Social Media Animation is another are a in the entertainment sphere where India has already made a visible impact. Boosted by higher demand, the fast-growing Indian animation and gaming industry is expected to be worth US$ 2. 5 billion by 2013, clocking a CAGR of around 35 per cent, according to global consultancy Deloitte. Moreover, India is becoming a major hub to which quality animation work is being outsourced. Production for films including the Lord of the Rings, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and Spiderman 3 have taken place here during the last few years. In 2010 social media gained significant popularity as a marketing and gaming platform. Cinema and Digitisation The film industry is monitored by the Indian Motion Picture Producers Association (IMPPA), Film Television Producers Guild of India, The Association of Motion Pictures and Television Programme Producers (AMPTPP) and The Film Writers Association (FWA). The growth of Digitisation continues to be a key propeller the Indian M;E industry and this trend was even more pronounced in 2010. Film studios saw greater adoption of digital prints over physical and it was the first time in India that digital music sales surpassed that of physical unit sales, according to the report by KPMG and a leading industry body. Film producers and distributors preferred to release their films on digital platforms. In 2010, nearly 60 per cent of the print run was on digital and 40 per cent were physical prints. Due to better content, increase in multiplexes, investment in research and continued cost corrections, Indian film industry is estimated to grow from US$ 1. 85 billion to US$ 2. 94 billion by 2015. Multiplexes Multiplexes are just emerging in India and there is a great opportunity for investing in theatres and multiplexes. The government’s approval for 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) through the automatic route and extension of tax benefits has provided the required impetus to increase the theatre/multiplex penetration. Internet India is the third biggest internet market, with over 100 million internet user base and the amount of time spent on the Internet for an average user in the country is 16 hours a week. According to Google estimates, 40 million users access Internet through mobile phones and download 30 million applications. Entertainment is driving the adoption of internet in rural areas with entertainment, communication and instant messaging being the main purposes for access, according to an Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) report. 41 per cent of the claimed internet users had used the internet for watching, downloading and listening to music or uploading or downloading pictures while 32 per cent also used the internet for email, chat and communication. Print and Publishing The newspaper market in India has grown at 13 per cent CAGR over the last five years to US$ 3. billion in 2010. It will continue on its growth trajectory at an estimated CAGR of around 12 per cent between 2010 and 2013 to reach US$ 5. 9 billion in 2013, according to Ernst ; Young India. India’s Media and Entertainment: Recent trends and Investments * Anil Ambani’s Reliance Broadcast Network (RBN) has signed an equal joint venture (JV) with Luxembourg-based RTL Group SA, to launch two theme-based channe ls. RTL – a part of Europe’s largest media firm, Bertelsmann AG operates over 40 television channels and 33 radio stations across 10 countries in Europe. The JV is planning to roll out the first channel under the new partnership by the middle of 2011. * NDS, a leading provider of technology solutions for the digital pay television industry, has firmed up plans to invest US$ 400 million for research and development work in India Publishers are launching niche publications, upper-end events, coffee-table books, news TV channels, special editions, and luxury magazines and adopting several other initiatives such as entering international alliances. With an upswing in advertisement revenues, hyper-local editions are becoming increasingly attractive media vehicles to target a specific segment, particularly for local advertisers. * Amar Ujala has launched a Hindi-language youth magazine in 2011 * Similarly, Times Group has launched niche supplements and magazines to cater to upper SEC segments * Dailies such as Hindustan Times, Navbharat Times and Hindustan have launched local editions in metros such as Gurgaon, Noida, and parts of Mumbai such as Borivali, Kandivali and Malad * Zynga Games Network Inc. maker of the two most widely-played social media games globally, CityVille and FarmVille, has begun full life-cycle game development in India with the opening of Studio- * HSBC Principal Investments, the private equity arm of the HSBC Group , has invested US$ 60 million for a minority equity interest in Avitel Post Studioz Limited, a Mumbai-based post-production and media entertainment technology company India’s Media and Ent ertainment: Government Policies Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting (I;B), Ms Ambika Soni has announced that the Ministry will consider setting up of a Community Radio Fund. The issue will be taken up on a high priority with the key agencies such as the Planning Commission and concerned ministries. The setting up of such a fund would ensure the sustainability and enhanced outreach of the Community Radio Movement within the country. The modalities would be completed within a stipulated time frame. The Ministry has also set up a committee to assess the current rating system for television rating points (TRP) of TV programs and has expressed concern over this current system of evaluation. The MIB has recommended increasing the sample size and switching to a more scientific approach for accurate data. The I;B ministry has also endorsed the recommendation by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to enhance FDI ceiling for DTH TV, Internet protocol TV and teleport from 49 per cent to 74 per cent. India’s Media and Entertainment: Road ahead The second decade of this millennium presents a great opportunity for the M;E sector. The demographic profile of India favours higher spends on entertainment, with the consuming class forming a significant portion of the countrys total households. New distribution technologies like DTH, Conditional Access System (CAS) and IPTV, hold a promising future for the media industry. Needless to mention, increasing digitalisation will changes the ways in which consumers view channels. These distribution platforms will assist broadcasters in giving direct access to consumers, thus facilitating the provision of not just routine content but also customised value added services (like video on demand). This is very likely to result in increased average revenue per user. References: Press Releases, Report on Indian Media Entertainment Industry, Journal of Arts, Science Commerce by ResearchersWorld, Press Release by Internet And Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), Article publication by Ernst Young

To See or Not to See Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth Essay Example

To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth Essay To see or not to see Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth 2009. 12. 14. Literary criticism has ever been a touchy subject. Throughout cultural history we have seen critics of various shapes and sizes commenting on all works of art in vastly different ways, from the condescending to the rave, the profound to the sarcastic – and all of them were right, in one sense. For a critic is a â€Å"voice of the masses†, a representative of readers everywhere, thus whatever opinion a critic has is justified by him having actually seen, read, interpreted and/or digested the given masterpiece, and being moved by it to such an extent as to express this in a verbal form. A true critic, however, is slightly more than that – he possesses a stable sense of cultural value, and the ability to pinpoint the exact place of any artificial creation in the golden canon of immortality, not to mention a sense of humour and a devout humility towards art in general. We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Francis Jeffrey (1773-1850) was all these things and more – though admittedly he didn’t bear all the afore-mentioned qualities in equal measure. Even so, owing to his editorship and contributions at the Edinburgh Review, he was undoubtedly one of the most well-known critics of his age (and maybe since then), his utmost concern being to mould public taste in an intelligent and elegant way. And this is how he actually managed to influence the literature he was so keen on dissecting, and whose influence made him write in the first place; so presenting us with the old symbol of a snake biting its tail, one melting into the other, each affecting and being affected by its partner. Jeffrey’s judgements – both well-deserved and slightly less so – were something to be reckoned with, and several notable literary personages of the time can thank him for the growing (or diminishing) number of their readers, serving as an excellent example of what a critic might accomplish. Three personages are often mentioned in connection with Jeffrey, three men whose works became even more interconnected with his than the rest of the prestigious number he commented on. Jeffrey and Carlyle had an ambiguous relationship, with Jeffrey recognizing the genius of Carlyle early in his career, and going out of his way to present him with opportunities to flourish, while the different personalities of the two men – Jeffrey’s benign curiosity about the younger man’s affairs, and Carlyle’s independence – presented themselves in conflicts of varying intensity. Jeffrey and Dickens, on the other hand, had no major opposition of will, although this may be due to the fact that Jeffrey was an older and slightly kinder critic by the time they met. But neither of these relationships can compare, or even contrast, with the one Jeffrey had with William Wordsworth (1770-1850). Jeffrey had, from the start, a very strong opinion about Wordsworth – indeed, there are scarcely any criticisms left us which present such an unmasked feeling of dissatisfaction with a poet as his reviews about Wordsworth’s poems. The significance of these reviews is two-fold: on the one hand, they paint a vibrant picture of what the philosophy and idealism of the Lake Poets, and the morality of the Scottish Whig cultural elite, actually was like; on the other hand, Jeffrey’s unique style, made up of sarcasm, wit, elegance, and a slightly biased opinion, offer an insight to his mind, personal experience and ethics. In other words, Jeffrey’s reviews present themselves as a luxurious â€Å"feast for the soul and mind†, both contextually and stylistically speaking. In the following, we are going to look at two reviews, one from 1807, the other from 1822 – one of the first and last reviews concerned with Wordsworth and the Poets of the Lakes. Wordsworth’s Poems, published in 1807, move Jeffrey to express his disappointment with and worries over the new poetic style used therein in no uncertain form (though still much more mildly than in later years! ). He begins by mentioning the Lake Poets and the popularity of the Lyrical Ballads – and gently implies that success, however well-deserved, does not erase the many faults of the volume (i. . vulgarity, silliness). He goes on to state that these attributes are not in themselves worth any value, and therefore shouldn’t be seen as (aesthetic) virtues in any case. After this introduction, he moves on to the poems in question, and concludes that Wordsworth’s volume has settled the argument concerning literary merit in a definite way – so definite, in fact, that Jeffrey washes his hands, so to speak, and places the matter before the public (as if it weren’t already there), to decide for themselves whether Wordsworth’s Poems are worth something or not. Following this verdict, Jeffrey starts illustrating his opinion by moralizing about poetry in general, defining it as something that gives the reader â€Å"pleasure†, which can be divided into three parts: „that which we receive from the excitement of Passion or emotion — that which is derived from the play of Imagination, or the easy exercise of Reason — and that which depends on the character and qualities the Diction. † Diction, it seems, deserved some further introduction, for apparently this is what Jeffrey found most lacking in Poems. It becomes clear that in the critic’s opinion, true diction is elegant, dignified, appropriate – today we would probably add, conventional. The review laments the disuse of diction in the Lakeside fraternity, the disregard of classical sources and preference for the ordinary, the mundane. This latter tendency is also pointed out in relation to Poems’ topics, where Jeffrey emphasizes that the everyday subjects mentioned cannot actually be admitted as touching or sublime with a straight face. In his conclusion, Jeffrey admits that Wordsworth’s talents do shine through most of his works, making it doubly disappointing that they have to make do with such â€Å"trash†, and finishes by expressing a hope for the abortion of such â€Å"violation of the established laws of poetry†. Looking at the review from a stylistic point of view, Jeffrey is not as outspoken as he will be on following occasions, choosing instead to provide a poetical background philosophy to justify his negative impressions. Towards the end, however, he narrows his range of vision more and more from the general to the particular; and we can see the moraliser turn gradually into the critic, who doesn’t veil or justify his opinions thoroughly, but chooses rather to present them forcibly, with strong words and expressions (e. g. trash, folly, etc. ). Structurally speaking, the review is well-built, and conveys a false impression of impartiality with its units of refutation, exploration and conclusion, while in fact the personal opinion of the critic can clearly be felt in every instance of his well-composed sentences. But this, of course, was Jeffrey’s forte – to insinuate his own feelings even when seeming completely neutral. This tendency can well be observed also in the review of Wordsworth’s Memorials of a Tour, published in 1822. Note that fifteen years have passed, a significant period of time in contemporary literature – the new-fangled notions to which Jeffrey had objected previously had grown roots, even flourished somewhat; however, the opposition never altered its opinion: probably the most famous review of Jeffrey on Wordsworth, the one concerning The Excursion (published in 1814), opening with the line â€Å"This will never do! , is the best example of them still maintaining differences. During these years, Jeffrey used his wit and sarcasm to great effect, succeeding in shaking the reputations of Wordsworth and others considerably, albeit giving them considerable publicity at the same time. This review, however, is slightly different – although stil l wittily disapproving, it again includes the reader significantly, much like the one previously mentioned. Jeffrey – always a man of spectacular openers – starts off with the sentence: â€Å"The Lake School of Poetry, we think, is now pretty nearly extinct. . No gentlemanly reserve in his tone now – he follows up by separating Wordsworth from the fraternity, disclosing that now even they won’t admit him as belonging to them (though how someone could â€Å"belong† to a dead fraternity stays undecided), owing to his backward style, which even the inserted phrases of Milton or the Holy Writ can’t help (Jeffrey’s appreciation of these venerable sources clearly shines through his words on the subject). The second paragraph explains that while most of the compositions begin promisingly, the misguided author mostly succeeds in ruining them by saying nothing, or – even worse – by saying something totally ordinary in an â€Å"unintelligible way†, which, it seems, is one of the major sins against poetry itself. It soon becomes clear that the main concern of Jeffrey is that the sonnets of which the Memorial is composed are puzzling, and hard to understand; that Wordsworth insists on choosing the most unworthy objects to evoke startling fantasies or visions; and most of all, that the politics of the author leave much to be required. For a large part of the review is devoted to a sarcastic account of how Wordsworth depicted Napoleon, and how his sources for political and historical facts mainly consist of newspapers (the Morning Post is specifically mentioned). Following this, even the author’s reference to Milton becomes an object for derision (â€Å"Of a truth, it is a dangerous experiment in Mr. Wordsworth to recall his reader’s notice to Milton when he writes sonnets. †). Loftiness and high emotion are interpreted as pretension and impotence; however, Jeffrey again points out that even this volume has its merits, and that gems of beauty can indeed be found â€Å"†¦when [the author] is pleased to be plain and rational†. This review differs slightly from the previous one in style – Jeffrey does not give reasons for his verdicts any more, but declares his opinion in a straight, and sometimes still respectful manner. He constantly refers to contemporary matters, from affairs of the life of Wordsworth himself (Stamp-office) to the knowledge of the reader about important dates. We can see that this is a somewhat different approach than before – in 1807, he called on the reader to act as a dignified judge of literary value; now, he speaks out to him as a friend, someone with knowledge and experience similar to his own. The linguistic style of the review emphasizes this familiarity by often choosing sarcasm instead of elegance, or maybe not even that, just â€Å"plain† speech, only using flowing phrases when the context requires it. This tendency – although significant – is unsurprising, given that Jeffrey and his readership had, by now, more than fifteen years to grow familiar in. The single largest factor which ties both reviews together is, of course, the undervaluation of Wordsworth as a poet. One might well ask that how could a critic, any critic, of such taste and pedigree not recognize the genius of Wordsworth, and still be remembered by following generations as a critic of any value. There could be many answers to this question: one could simply shrug it off by saying contemporary critics very rarely discover the true talents of their times; or that Jeffrey’s enjoyable style is worthy of remembrance anywhere, notwithstanding his misjudged opinions. We could even say that badmouthing Wordsworth was Jeffrey’s one most significant achievement, which in itself constitutes a right to be remembered. The truth, however, lies somewhere deeper than that. For the reason to remember Jeffrey is Wordsworth himself – it is generally accepted that the critic’s judgements affected not only the criticized works’ afterlives, but the poet’s work as well. Wordsworth didn’t heed Jeffrey’s intimations, but they affected him slightly; he responded to the attacks, and defended himself as well as he could, on all grounds Jeffrey has challenged him: morality, philosophy, aesthetics and ethics, stating that contemporary reception cannot serve as a guideline for the future, but should be moulded and refined enough to accept these compositions according to their value. And so the symbiosis continued, with the works of Jeffrey and Wordsworth – although different in genre – growing ever more interconnected. And this is the most important reason why we have to remember Jeffrey: his impact on the Lake Poet’s work will last for ever, even when sarcasm seems outdated, classical references tedious, and elaborate language unnecessary. We can conclude that Jeffrey, even if he hadn’t managed to recognize Wordsworth, stated his opinion in a way worthy of his foe – noone needs to be ashamed of him; for although his sense of humour was limited, his humility likewise, and his ability to pinpoint immortal values a bit shoddy, he was – and remains – a force to be reckoned with. An eternal reminder that, whatever our opinions are, they will always have value and impact towards the one they are aimed at. To See or Not to See Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth Essay Example To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth Essay To see or not to see Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth 2009. 12. 14. Literary criticism has ever been a touchy subject. Throughout cultural history we have seen critics of various shapes and sizes commenting on all works of art in vastly different ways, from the condescending to the rave, the profound to the sarcastic – and all of them were right, in one sense. For a critic is a â€Å"voice of the masses†, a representative of readers everywhere, thus whatever opinion a critic has is justified by him having actually seen, read, interpreted and/or digested the given masterpiece, and being moved by it to such an extent as to express this in a verbal form. A true critic, however, is slightly more than that – he possesses a stable sense of cultural value, and the ability to pinpoint the exact place of any artificial creation in the golden canon of immortality, not to mention a sense of humour and a devout humility towards art in general. We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To See or Not to See: Francis Jeffrey on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Francis Jeffrey (1773-1850) was all these things and more – though admittedly he didn’t bear all the afore-mentioned qualities in equal measure. Even so, owing to his editorship and contributions at the Edinburgh Review, he was undoubtedly one of the most well-known critics of his age (and maybe since then), his utmost concern being to mould public taste in an intelligent and elegant way. And this is how he actually managed to influence the literature he was so keen on dissecting, and whose influence made him write in the first place; so presenting us with the old symbol of a snake biting its tail, one melting into the other, each affecting and being affected by its partner. Jeffrey’s judgements – both well-deserved and slightly less so – were something to be reckoned with, and several notable literary personages of the time can thank him for the growing (or diminishing) number of their readers, serving as an excellent example of what a critic might accomplish. Three personages are often mentioned in connection with Jeffrey, three men whose works became even more interconnected with his than the rest of the prestigious number he commented on. Jeffrey and Carlyle had an ambiguous relationship, with Jeffrey recognizing the genius of Carlyle early in his career, and going out of his way to present him with opportunities to flourish, while the different personalities of the two men – Jeffrey’s benign curiosity about the younger man’s affairs, and Carlyle’s independence – presented themselves in conflicts of varying intensity. Jeffrey and Dickens, on the other hand, had no major opposition of will, although this may be due to the fact that Jeffrey was an older and slightly kinder critic by the time they met. But neither of these relationships can compare, or even contrast, with the one Jeffrey had with William Wordsworth (1770-1850). Jeffrey had, from the start, a very strong opinion about Wordsworth – indeed, there are scarcely any criticisms left us which present such an unmasked feeling of dissatisfaction with a poet as his reviews about Wordsworth’s poems. The significance of these reviews is two-fold: on the one hand, they paint a vibrant picture of what the philosophy and idealism of the Lake Poets, and the morality of the Scottish Whig cultural elite, actually was like; on the other hand, Jeffrey’s unique style, made up of sarcasm, wit, elegance, and a slightly biased opinion, offer an insight to his mind, personal experience and ethics. In other words, Jeffrey’s reviews present themselves as a luxurious â€Å"feast for the soul and mind†, both contextually and stylistically speaking. In the following, we are going to look at two reviews, one from 1807, the other from 1822 – one of the first and last reviews concerned with Wordsworth and the Poets of the Lakes. Wordsworth’s Poems, published in 1807, move Jeffrey to express his disappointment with and worries over the new poetic style used therein in no uncertain form (though still much more mildly than in later years! ). He begins by mentioning the Lake Poets and the popularity of the Lyrical Ballads – and gently implies that success, however well-deserved, does not erase the many faults of the volume (i. . vulgarity, silliness). He goes on to state that these attributes are not in themselves worth any value, and therefore shouldn’t be seen as (aesthetic) virtues in any case. After this introduction, he moves on to the poems in question, and concludes that Wordsworth’s volume has settled the argument concerning literary merit in a definite way – so definite, in fact, that Jeffrey washes his hands, so to speak, and places the matter before the public (as if it weren’t already there), to decide for themselves whether Wordsworth’s Poems are worth something or not. Following this verdict, Jeffrey starts illustrating his opinion by moralizing about poetry in general, defining it as something that gives the reader â€Å"pleasure†, which can be divided into three parts: „that which we receive from the excitement of Passion or emotion — that which is derived from the play of Imagination, or the easy exercise of Reason — and that which depends on the character and qualities the Diction. † Diction, it seems, deserved some further introduction, for apparently this is what Jeffrey found most lacking in Poems. It becomes clear that in the critic’s opinion, true diction is elegant, dignified, appropriate – today we would probably add, conventional. The review laments the disuse of diction in the Lakeside fraternity, the disregard of classical sources and preference for the ordinary, the mundane. This latter tendency is also pointed out in relation to Poems’ topics, where Jeffrey emphasizes that the everyday subjects mentioned cannot actually be admitted as touching or sublime with a straight face. In his conclusion, Jeffrey admits that Wordsworth’s talents do shine through most of his works, making it doubly disappointing that they have to make do with such â€Å"trash†, and finishes by expressing a hope for the abortion of such â€Å"violation of the established laws of poetry†. Looking at the review from a stylistic point of view, Jeffrey is not as outspoken as he will be on following occasions, choosing instead to provide a poetical background philosophy to justify his negative impressions. Towards the end, however, he narrows his range of vision more and more from the general to the particular; and we can see the moraliser turn gradually into the critic, who doesn’t veil or justify his opinions thoroughly, but chooses rather to present them forcibly, with strong words and expressions (e. g. trash, folly, etc. ). Structurally speaking, the review is well-built, and conveys a false impression of impartiality with its units of refutation, exploration and conclusion, while in fact the personal opinion of the critic can clearly be felt in every instance of his well-composed sentences. But this, of course, was Jeffrey’s forte – to insinuate his own feelings even when seeming completely neutral. This tendency can well be observed also in the review of Wordsworth’s Memorials of a Tour, published in 1822. Note that fifteen years have passed, a significant period of time in contemporary literature – the new-fangled notions to which Jeffrey had objected previously had grown roots, even flourished somewhat; however, the opposition never altered its opinion: probably the most famous review of Jeffrey on Wordsworth, the one concerning The Excursion (published in 1814), opening with the line â€Å"This will never do! , is the best example of them still maintaining differences. During these years, Jeffrey used his wit and sarcasm to great effect, succeeding in shaking the reputations of Wordsworth and others considerably, albeit giving them considerable publicity at the same time. This review, however, is slightly different – although stil l wittily disapproving, it again includes the reader significantly, much like the one previously mentioned. Jeffrey – always a man of spectacular openers – starts off with the sentence: â€Å"The Lake School of Poetry, we think, is now pretty nearly extinct. . No gentlemanly reserve in his tone now – he follows up by separating Wordsworth from the fraternity, disclosing that now even they won’t admit him as belonging to them (though how someone could â€Å"belong† to a dead fraternity stays undecided), owing to his backward style, which even the inserted phrases of Milton or the Holy Writ can’t help (Jeffrey’s appreciation of these venerable sources clearly shines through his words on the subject). The second paragraph explains that while most of the compositions begin promisingly, the misguided author mostly succeeds in ruining them by saying nothing, or – even worse – by saying something totally ordinary in an â€Å"unintelligible way†, which, it seems, is one of the major sins against poetry itself. It soon becomes clear that the main concern of Jeffrey is that the sonnets of which the Memorial is composed are puzzling, and hard to understand; that Wordsworth insists on choosing the most unworthy objects to evoke startling fantasies or visions; and most of all, that the politics of the author leave much to be required. For a large part of the review is devoted to a sarcastic account of how Wordsworth depicted Napoleon, and how his sources for political and historical facts mainly consist of newspapers (the Morning Post is specifically mentioned). Following this, even the author’s reference to Milton becomes an object for derision (â€Å"Of a truth, it is a dangerous experiment in Mr. Wordsworth to recall his reader’s notice to Milton when he writes sonnets. †). Loftiness and high emotion are interpreted as pretension and impotence; however, Jeffrey again points out that even this volume has its merits, and that gems of beauty can indeed be found â€Å"†¦when [the author] is pleased to be plain and rational†. This review differs slightly from the previous one in style – Jeffrey does not give reasons for his verdicts any more, but declares his opinion in a straight, and sometimes still respectful manner. He constantly refers to contemporary matters, from affairs of the life of Wordsworth himself (Stamp-office) to the knowledge of the reader about important dates. We can see that this is a somewhat different approach than before – in 1807, he called on the reader to act as a dignified judge of literary value; now, he speaks out to him as a friend, someone with knowledge and experience similar to his own. The linguistic style of the review emphasizes this familiarity by often choosing sarcasm instead of elegance, or maybe not even that, just â€Å"plain† speech, only using flowing phrases when the context requires it. This tendency – although significant – is unsurprising, given that Jeffrey and his readership had, by now, more than fifteen years to grow familiar in. The single largest factor which ties both reviews together is, of course, the undervaluation of Wordsworth as a poet. One might well ask that how could a critic, any critic, of such taste and pedigree not recognize the genius of Wordsworth, and still be remembered by following generations as a critic of any value. There could be many answers to this question: one could simply shrug it off by saying contemporary critics very rarely discover the true talents of their times; or that Jeffrey’s enjoyable style is worthy of remembrance anywhere, notwithstanding his misjudged opinions. We could even say that badmouthing Wordsworth was Jeffrey’s one most significant achievement, which in itself constitutes a right to be remembered. The truth, however, lies somewhere deeper than that. For the reason to remember Jeffrey is Wordsworth himself – it is generally accepted that the critic’s judgements affected not only the criticized works’ afterlives, but the poet’s work as well. Wordsworth didn’t heed Jeffrey’s intimations, but they affected him slightly; he responded to the attacks, and defended himself as well as he could, on all grounds Jeffrey has challenged him: morality, philosophy, aesthetics and ethics, stating that contemporary reception cannot serve as a guideline for the future, but should be moulded and refined enough to accept these compositions according to their value. And so the symbiosis continued, with the works of Jeffrey and Wordsworth – although different in genre – growing ever more interconnected. And this is the most important reason why we have to remember Jeffrey: his impact on the Lake Poet’s work will last for ever, even when sarcasm seems outdated, classical references tedious, and elaborate language unnecessary. We can conclude that Jeffrey, even if he hadn’t managed to recognize Wordsworth, stated his opinion in a way worthy of his foe – noone needs to be ashamed of him; for although his sense of humour was limited, his humility likewise, and his ability to pinpoint immortal values a bit shoddy, he was – and remains – a force to be reckoned with. An eternal reminder that, whatever our opinions are, they will always have value and impact towards the one they are aimed at.

Free Essays on Othello

Heroic Men and Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello many terrible situations befall on the characters contained in the play. Our main and title character, Othello, is especially ravished by evil deeds. He looses his mind, his wife and his own life all within the span of about two acts. It is all the more tragic because Shakespeare builds up the character of Othello as one of his greatest literary heroes. However to combat Othello’s truly heroic personality Shakespeare creates a character as evil as Othello is good. It is Iago, the antagonist of the play, who seems to hate Othello and his heroic image with no apparent motive present. Although Othello’s heroic nature fails him when Iago manipulates his thoughts to be against his wife, Desdemona, another heroic character steps in to finally put the evil to rest. In a twist of irony it turns out that Iago’s own wife, Emilia, who picks up the sword of heroism to combat the evil of Iago. It is for about only one act that this play is wit hout a truly honorable hero. It is because Othello looses his trust for Desdemona that his heart is turned to madness. However it is because Emilia keeps her trust in Desdemona that allows her to be heroic. Othello, the man, is one of the greatest generals in Venice. However Othello is also an outsider in Venice. He is described as a moor or a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. His skin color is what sets him apart from the Venetians. However instead of deeming him with negative qualities because of his skin color Shakespeare blesses him with heroic abilities as well as the heart of a hero. The audience sees how much Othello trusts his wife in the first act. Barbantio, Desdemona’s father, takes great offense to his daughter marrying a man of dark skin. He claims that Othello has wooed Desdemona â€Å"By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks† (1.3.70). However we see that Othello’s heroism transcends any r... Free Essays on Othello Free Essays on Othello Iago’s opinion of women. Shakespeare’s play Othello is based on tragedy of Othello’s jealousy, which ironically leads Othello to kill Desdemona, his beloved (wife). Evil Iago is above all Shakespeare’s villains. Iago is a person with evil emotions, and as a result he deceives everybody, he also is exceptionally influential character who has taken in everyone, above all his own wife Emilia. His public face of bravery and honesty conceals a satanic delight in manipulation and destruction, and he will stop at nothing. Iago’s opinion on women is that he detests women in all kinds and shapes, and finds faults even when they have little or no faults. It is evident that Iago refers to Desdemona as a piece of property, when He wakes up Brabantio (Desdemona’s Father) and tells him about the marriage to Othello. In Act 1 Scene 1 Line 80 he states, â€Å" Thieves, thieves! Look to your house, your daughter and your bags! † Further on Iago comes to Brabantio’s house and says to him that his daughter has been stolen, rather than saying she ran away with Othello, which reveals to us that he thinks women are the property of men. Act 1 Scene 3, Iago tells Roderigo that he shouldn’t be an inane man to even think of taking his life for a female. â€Å"Ere I would say I would drown myself for the love of a guinea hen; I would change my humanity with a baboon †. Act 1 Scene 3 Line 310. Again this reveals to us that Iago says that he would never drown himself for a female, he rather change his humanity with a monkey which is totally degrading because he sees a monkey more fit than women. Further on He refers Desdemona as a guinea hen, which denotes a whore. One might think Evil Iago is a man who hates women, for he shows no love or sympathy to women as he constantly slanders them of things they didn’t do or even think about, this is evident on Act ii Scene 1. He states "Come on,... Free Essays on Othello The ill-fated hero that so honorably battles evil only to be tripped by a single, yet fatal, character flaw is as much a part of William Shakespeare’s work as any theme in literature. This dynamic plot structure has been worked, and reworked into some of the worlds most well known, critically acclaimed literary selections, among which, Shakespeare’s Othello is a prime example. Within the text of this tragic drama, Othello’s fatal flaw can be seen to be his simple idealism, his trusting innocence to the world, and his failure to see through his jealousy. From the onset of the play, Othello is revealed to have the attributes of the most honorable of heroes. This celebrated Moorish general has lived a hard, yet ultimately victorious life to date, and has found love for the first time in Desdemona. In fact, the first hints to this innocence can be seen in his explanation of the â€Å"charms† used in the winning of Desdemona’s hand in marriage. In this, his greatest conquest, he whole-heartedly believes that his tales of battle were the driving force behind Desdemona’s love for him. This rather simple take on the complex workings of love reveals the innocent idealism behind the character Othello and his simplistic, yet pure love for the fair Desdemona. However, more pressing examples of this hero’s innocence to the world can be witnessed, by the reader, in his interactions with the evil Iago. Using Othello’s trusting soul against him, Iago plants the seeds of Desdemona’s infidelity in Othello’s head, and allows the jealous rage to fester in his mind. Refusing to believe that Iago could lie about such a matter, yet just as strongly refusing to accept that Desdemona could have betrayed him so callously, the General is wrought with frustration. This anger, facilitated by his simple, idealistic views on love and the world, causes a collapse in Othello, who initially demands physical proof, but then begins to accept... Free Essays on Othello "If Othello didn’t begin as a play about race, history has made it one." The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. The attitudes and values that Shakespeare reveals through the text are those same attitudes and values of Elizabethan society in England in the sixteenth-century. Although Othello is set in Venice and Cyprus, the attitudes and values shared in the text are probably reflective of the attitudes and values of Shakespeare's own society. It is difficult to assess the attitudes and values of people in sixteenth-century Britain to the relatively few blacks living amongst them. We are given an insight into those attitudes and values through the representation of race and gender in the text of Othello.These attitudes and values are indicative of what a culture believes in and supports. By the time Othello was written the English were becoming more and more aware of the existence of other races in the world besides themselves. There had been a lot of travelling and blacks were beginning to be used in Europe for the slave trade. During the time the play was written, the Queen of England had banned all blacks from entering the city. She spoke of them as "Negars and Moors which are crept into the realm, of which kind of people there are already here too many". It seems that Shakespeare is almost mocking the Queen by characterising Othello as a black man who has a high ranking position in the Army and who marries a white aristocratic women, against her fathers will. Ruth Cowlig suggests that the presentation of Othello as the hero must have been startling for Elizabethan audiences. This may have been the case, but through the representation of Othello we are able to see that some members of society such as the Duke, looked over his colour to assign him his position whereas, others such as Iago, look on his colour as a way to mock him. Hostility is shown to Othello by c... Free Essays on Othello Othello~Is Racism The Predominant Factor Throughout The Play? Many people consider Shakespeare’s Othello to be a racist play. The main character in this controversial play is a black moor who marries a white woman, but their marriage is later destroyed by treachery, jealousy and deceit. Although there are many instance in this play that suggest that this is a racial play, racism does not actually control the play, even though it has a racist theme that is the romantic union of a black man and a white woman. This theme takes precedence over the entire play and sets up what is one of Shakespeare’s most controversial works of the time. The majority of the racial comments come from characters that are either irritated or upset. For example, when Emilia found out that Othello had killed her best friend, Desdemona, she was extremely infuriated and referred to Othello â€Å"And you the Blacker devil"(5.2.129), this was the only time in the play that she had said anything racial in reference to Othello. Her emotions could be considered to be out of rage or could also be considered that to come out because she was afraid to show them before. The major characters that have racial tensions toward Othello are Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo and Emilia, with the hatred of Othello as the basis for their racial actions and comments towards him. Roderigo speaks the first racial comment in the play, when he refers to Othello as â€Å"thicklips†(1.1.65), which is spoken out of Roderigo’s jealousy toward Othello. Iago is the most racist character in the book though, as he has it in for Othello right from the start. The event that causes this hatred of Othello and also his hatred of Cassio, occurs when it was time for Othello to choose his Lieutenant, it was Cassio who was chosen instead of Iago, even though Iago’s war experience was much greater than that of Cassio’s. Iago does not say anything racist to Othello's face but he has a lot to say against ... Free Essays on Othello Reeti Choudhury Ms.Cerrini English 11 AC 16 October 2004 Othello: Questions that lead to a Gender Approach Throughout history, it has been said that â€Å"behind every successful man, there is a woman’s hand.† â€Å" O heavy ignorance thou praisest the worse best. But what praise couldst thou bestow on a deserving woman indeed- one that in the authority of her merit did justly put on the vouch of very malice itself?.† (Shakespeare 35) This quote is the main idea of feminism in most work that Shakespeare portrays. This quote happens to be portrayed in Shakespeare’s Othello. In William Shakespeare’s works, female characters represent the foundations upon which the climax is built. â€Å" Do not doubt that; before Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee, If I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it†¦.† (Shakespeare 57) This quote shows how although women are considered less than men, they still have a right to express themselves. Women in Othello, are portrayed as secondary to the male characters. â€Å"Yet I beseech you, if you think fit, or that it may be done, Give me advantage of some brief discourse, With Desdemona alone.† (Shakespeare 56) This quote is said by Cassio, when he needs help from Emilia, so he could try to get his job back. You can notice that the women aren’t being portrayed as bad or evil in Othello, but they are portrayed as someone that could be trusted. This following quote also shows how women were portrayed as to be secondary (meaning although they were looked up to they were not thought of as to be as smart as a male character): â€Å"Emilia. Villany, villainy, villainy! I think upon’t- I think I smell’t!- O villainy! I thought so then.- I’ll kill myself for grief.-O villainy, villainy! Iago. What are ... Free Essays on Othello It is unclear whether Shakespeare intended Iago to appear as evil as he does but one thing is for sure; Iago remains one of Shakespeare’s most debated villains. It is Iago’s motives for scheming that continue to be the most intriguing aspect of his existence. Often critics tend to concentrate on discrediting his motives. Describing Iago’s motives as being weak has almost become a given. There are two general ideas from the sources that I found. One of the ideas sees Iago as a conspicuous character whose sole purpose is to generate evil. Another analysis of Iago is that Shakespeare has created Iago to be a very dramatic villain rather than an evil one. These broad generalizations do not correlate in any kind of rationalization for Iago’s demise. That is what my theory intends to elaborate on. By not establishing a clear motive, Iago’s plan becomes so broad that he involves too many people for the result to be favorable to him. His aggression against Othello starts when Othello names Michael Cassio his lieutenant rather than Iago. This motive would have been valid if he had not involved Desdemona and Emilia. He could have easily gotten revenge at Othello and Cassio by just going after them. Another possible motive is that Othello has committed adultery with Emilia. This motive brings Desdemona and Emilia into Iago’s plotting. He now feels he needs to involve everyone in his evil scheme. When Iago convinces Roderigo to start a fight with Cassio at a party, it appears obvious that Iago’s plot to become lieutenant will come full circle. But Iago consulting Cassio after the altercation makes no sense for his motive to become lieutenant. On a very surface level, Iago comes off as being just plain evil. Many critics would agree with this and would be content to think that Shakespeare created Iago to merely show evil. Richard Flatter feels that due to weak motives as a soldier and as an angry husband, I... Free Essays on Othello The Tragedy Of Othello The Theme Of Two Lovers Life In Which Was Ended Due To A Jealousy Man Othello’s downfall, which was due to Iago mass manipulative plan, is the reason the play is know as a tragedy. Tragedy is defined as a drama or another literary work that ends in the downfall of its main character. According to Greek Philosopher Aristotle, the function of tragedy is to arouse in the audience the emotions of fear and pity in order to produce a catharsis, or cleansing, of these emotions by the play’s end. The protagonist, or tragic hero, is usually a high ranking or respected person whose personality is married by a fatal weakness, or tragic flaw, that causes his or her downfall. In other words, Othello is the protagonist throughout this drama. I think Iago is one of those people who is just plain evil, kind of like a pathological liar. A pathological is someone who lies just to get a response and in Iago’s case, besides the fact he is hungry for power, he makes a scene just for fun, just to get a rise out of the people around him. He can be considered pure evil, without true motive, but he does have his stated reasons and very human excuses which still motivate people today. Iago states in act one that he has heard rumors that Othello had an affair with Emilia, Iago’s wife. Thus his revenge is to make Othello believe his own wife, Desdemona, is unfaithful. The subject of jealousy, friendship, race, and power, all comes up in Iago’s character as well. Othello is black and yet above Iago. Othello appointed the younger Cassio to be lieutenant over Iago, betraying the bonds of age, experience, trust and friendship. Othello, weakness is carried throughout the play due to jealous of his wife, Desdemona. Furthermore, Othello has been a soldier for several years but when it comes down to his wife Desdemona he like a soldier that is inexperience in his position. Othello would do anything for Desdemona even when he didn... Free Essays on Othello Role of Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello, the role of women is greatly emphasized. The important characters of the play, Othello, Iago, and Cassio, each have a women that stands behind him. These women each have an obligation to remain loyal and respect their husband's wishes, especially Desdemona and Emilia. We see Desdemona as a young beautiful white female, madly in love with a powerful black man. She is strong inside but doesn't tend to show that side of her as much as she would want to. She tends to play the peace-maker in her marriage and is always trying to understand Othello. Throughout the play she struggles to prove her loyalty and respect to her husband, no matter what it takes she tries to be a good wife. At the beginning of the play when Brabantio, confronts Othello and Desdemona about their relationship, she does not hesitate to defend her husband to her father, regardless of the consequences she faced. She is brought in by her father to the court to be questioned for her actions, she replies with utter respect to her father, but devotion to her husband". To you I am bound for life and education....I am hitherto your daughter. But here is my husband. And so much duty as my mother showed to you, preferring you before her father...(act1,sc3L210). In other words, she is grateful to her father for what he has given to her but will stand by the side of her husband, as any women should. Even while Othello is accusing her of having an affair with Cassio, and insulting her calling her a whore, her responsibility of standing by her man and trying to understand him still remains. As angered as she may be with what he just called her, she questions him politely, as to why he is saying such things. She knows she doesn't deserve that but how could she defend herself to her husband, without disrespecting him. In her mind a women should never disrespect her husband, or suggest that he is wrong. In her mind when he ca... Free Essays on Othello â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† Lorraine Hansberry wrote the award winning play† A Raisin in the Sun.† It is set in Chicago’s Southside in the late 1940’s. The story reflects her own experience of racial harassment when her successful family moved into a white neighborhood. She got her title from a line in a Langston Hughes poem named,† Harlem (A Dream Deferred) (534) –What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? (1-3) This title is in reference to one of the main characters. He has a dream but racial tension going on at the time and his family’s opinion and interference does not help his dream come true. Walter Lee Younger is a man in his mid 30’s. He is a chauffer. He lives with his wife Ruth, his son Travis, his mother Lena, and his sister Benetha. Walter has a serious conflict with his wife. They are talking about a plan that he and his friend have to open a liquor store. He has it all figured out but his wife shuns him because she things his partner, Willy Harris is â€Å"a good-for-nothing loud mouth†(1.1.992). He sarcastically reminds her about the last â€Å"good-for-nothing loud mouth† she didn’t like-â€Å"Charlie Atkins was just a good-for-nothing loud mouth too, wasn’t he! When he wanted me to go into the dry cleaning business with him. And now he is grossing a hundred thousand a year. A hundred thousand dollars a year! And you still call him a loud mouth!† (1.1.992). Walter is very upset and bitter with his wife over the fact that they could have been getting this money and been successful. He also feels that she isn ’t being supportive of him. Everything he tries to do she talks down upon him. He tries to explain that he and Willie have everything figured out she stops him and shows no interest in what he has to say-â€Å" Walter leave me alone! Eat your eggs they gonna get cold â€Å" (1.1.993) his point of why he thinks she is not supporting him pro... Free Essays on Othello The Webster’s dictionary defines a motif as a recurrent thematic element in a musical, artistic, or literary work. In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, an overriding motif is animals. The characters use reference to animals to show their hatred and scorn to other characters in the play, especially Iago towards Brabanzio, Roderigo, and Othello. There are occurrences in the speech of other characters that also play a significant role. The reference to animals conveys a sense that the laws of nature, rather than those of society, are the primary forces governing the characters in the play. Iago is a manipulative character, and uses his wise tongue to influence others and their feelings. In the beginning of the play, when Iago informs Brabanzio of the whereabouts of his daughter, he refers to Desdemona and Othello to be, â€Å"Making the beast of two backs.† (I.i.117-118). He does this so Brabanzio becomes angry with Othello and possibly cause enough harm and havoc in his life to give Iago what he wishes, power. Iago is manipulating Brabanzio because he secretly is plotting the fall of Othello, but wants everyone else to seem at fault. He is thinking about no one else except himself. We see the overriding concept of the motif when Iago continues his devilish ways with Roderigo by ridiculing him for his foolish attempt of killing himself. After Roderigo failed at gaining the love of Desdemona, suicide became an option. When Iago became aware of this, he told Roderigo, â€Å"Ere I would drown myself for the love of a guinea-hen, I would change my humanity with a baboon.† (I.iii.312-313). He does nothing to encourage Roderigo after a very emotional moment in his life. He makes the situation worse when he says that drowning is only for â€Å"Cats and blind puppies.† (I.i.330-331). Instead of helping Roderigo in the time of need, he uses this opportunity to anger Roderigo and uses him as a pawn in his game against Othello... Free Essays on Othello â€Å"Othello’s stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the alacrity with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge† To what extent do you agree? Othello’s stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the speed and ease with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge. In the Shakespearian tragedy of Othello, we witness the character of Othello fall from a position of control in Venetian society due to a combination of different reasons. Othello has a deep self-love for himself, and it is because of this he turns against his wife Desdemona with a great speed and ease. A traditional ‘tragic hero’ portrays four major characteristics: firstly, the tragic hero is a figure of high standing/esteem in the community; secondly, there is an agency that leads to the fall of the hero whether within the hero himself or from an outside figure/source; the third characteristic is a moment of self-realisation or self-awareness and the last characteristic is that the fall of the hero results in death. Othello is portrayed as a well-respected citizen within the Venetian society. He can be seen as an intelligent and heroic military leader whose skill is indeed very valuable and necessary to the state and he knows this. His military success has promoted his position within Venetian society, and as a ‘Moor’ within the white dominated society, he has a strong desire to maintain his social standing, and is prepared to sacrifice anything which threatens his reputation, which leads to the eventual death of Desdemona. Othello is trusted by everyone in Venice being called, â€Å"valiant Othello† and â€Å"brave Othello† and described as â€Å"...more fair than black† (I, iii, 286). He has been given full martial and political command of Cyprus and is a figure of high standing and esteem within the Venetian community. Othelloï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Othello In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, the main character, Othello, experiences a heroic struggle within his own mind, which leads to his downfall. He feels that it is directly based on his cultural background. The villain in the play, Iago, puts this in his mind when he tells Othello that his wife, Desdemona is having an affair and claims that he saw Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief. Othello becomes angry of this and reflects his cultural background, how his is black and the fact that he is a soldier and begins to experiences his own heroic downfall. The affair between Cassio and Desdemona really starts to become true to Othello when Iago claims that he saw Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief. The handkerchief was a gift Desdemona received from Othello. The handkerchief has been passed down from generation to generation. Othello’s mother used it to keep his father faithful to her, and it was given to Othello who gave it to Desdemona to be used in the same way. The handkerchief is a symbol of love and marriage between two people. During the play Desdemona leaves it behind and Iago plants it on Cassio. He then uses this to further convince Othello of the affair between Cassio and Desdemona. The handkerchief then changes from a symbol of love to a symbol of betrayal. This handkerchief has been in Othello’s family and is a part of his cultural background, so it is very special. The thought of Desdemona having an affair is seen, in Othello’s eyes, as an insult to his love and also to his background and th is enrages him.... Free Essays on Othello In Shakespeare’s play Othello, Iago is the antagonist. That is, he is the villain in the play Othello. He is the person who causes an action to occur which affects the other characters in the play. This action may not necessarily be a good thing. Iago is the catalyst for Othello’s change. He is the reason behind Othello’s changing views of his wife Desdemona, which results in the deaths of many of the characters in this tragedy. In order to understand the role Iago plays in destroying Othello, it is important to understand how Iago uses other characters in Othello to set his devious plot into motion. Iago successfully manipulates the characters involved to further his evil plans. He does this in such a way that the majority of the characters’ perceptions of each other change dramatically. Thus leading to Othello’s transformation and Othello’s changing views and behaviour towards his beloved wife Desdemona. Iago firstly uses Roderigo, a Veneti an gentleman, in love with Desdemona and then Cassio in the process of annihilating Othello. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant. Other characters Iago exploit include his own wife Emilia and Desdemona herself. Iago goes to a lot of trouble to conquer Othello. When Iago’s interaction with the other characters is understood then it can be perfectly recognised, acknowledged and understood how Iago causes Othello’s perceptions of Desdemona to change so drastically and quickly. Roderigo is the first fall under Iago’s spell of manipulation. Roderigo is convinced that Iago is genuine and does everything Iago tells him to. Iago easily convinces Roderigo to tell Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, of Desdemona’s elopement with a ‘moor’. Iago and Roderigo tell Brabantio of Othello’s marriage to Desdemona who rushes over to Othello to unsuccessfully reclaim his daughter. â€Å"An old black ram Is tupping your white ewe.† (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 90). Brabantio’s perceptions of both his daugh... Free Essays on Othello Heroic Men and Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello many terrible situations befall on the characters contained in the play. Our main and title character, Othello, is especially ravished by evil deeds. He looses his mind, his wife and his own life all within the span of about two acts. It is all the more tragic because Shakespeare builds up the character of Othello as one of his greatest literary heroes. However to combat Othello’s truly heroic personality Shakespeare creates a character as evil as Othello is good. It is Iago, the antagonist of the play, who seems to hate Othello and his heroic image with no apparent motive present. Although Othello’s heroic nature fails him when Iago manipulates his thoughts to be against his wife, Desdemona, another heroic character steps in to finally put the evil to rest. In a twist of irony it turns out that Iago’s own wife, Emilia, who picks up the sword of heroism to combat the evil of Iago. It is for about only one act that this play is wit hout a truly honorable hero. It is because Othello looses his trust for Desdemona that his heart is turned to madness. However it is because Emilia keeps her trust in Desdemona that allows her to be heroic. Othello, the man, is one of the greatest generals in Venice. However Othello is also an outsider in Venice. He is described as a moor or a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. His skin color is what sets him apart from the Venetians. However instead of deeming him with negative qualities because of his skin color Shakespeare blesses him with heroic abilities as well as the heart of a hero. The audience sees how much Othello trusts his wife in the first act. Barbantio, Desdemona’s father, takes great offense to his daughter marrying a man of dark skin. He claims that Othello has wooed Desdemona â€Å"By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks† (1.3.70). However we see that Othello’s heroism transcends any r... Free Essays on Othello Cassio and Desdemona Cassio was the Othello’s lieutenant, but he didn’t have a lot of experience. His habit was opposite to Othello, but Othello admired him because he was the polite and respect soldier. Othello had believed that Cassio had something with Desdemona, but Cassio was only honorable toward her so that Iago tried to make the devil plan to Cassio in that scene. Cassio was too innocent, and he fell to Iago’s devil plan which made Cassio to get drunk and had the fight with Roderigo. Iago wanted to use Roderigo to make Cassio to have bad reputation among other people. Desdemona was the Othello’s wife, and she had the high birth and good breeding from her family in Venetian. She was a very truly wife which caused her to defend Cassio in the public area and every where. In the scene, Iago’s plan was to convince Cassio to ask for the help from Desdemona because Othello would get angry from the conversation between Desdemona and Cassio. Desdemona was stronger than Othello, but Othello didn’t believe that because he thought she was a little woman. She was not the private woman that Othello expect her to be because she liked to go to the outside world.... Free Essays on Othello Shakespeare on Film Review of Othello The American Repertory Theatre’s Othello certainly did not live up to the expected standard of the previous productions of this theatre company. I think that the directors of this show (in the end) sought to bring the audience a classical version of Othello, though not a Shakespearean version of the play. Despite this classical vision, the acting was clearly not classical, but rather, a very modern approach to classical acting. The indicating nature of the performances, particularly by Iago, was merely an attempt at a classical performance that did not echo throughout the show. The inconsistency of the performances in this show had a strong contribution to the downfall of the production as a whole. Although there were two directors with two different visions for this particular show, the quality of the acting should not have been affected. Actors still have the ability to make conscious choices about their characters regardless of a director’s overall vision of th e play. Because there was a severe lack of set and scenery in this production, the focus of the audience was continually on the actors. Thus, the moments of poor performance were intensified. One of these moments that struck me the most was the opening scene between Iago and Roderigo. This scene, until Brabantio entered, was extremely weak and did not engage the attention of the audience. At the beginning of a show this is crucial. Othello is a play that I am very familiar with. However, I found myself uninterested during this first scene, to the point where I was not sure who was the character of Iago and who was the character of Roderigo. Brabrantio’s entrance pulled the audience back into the action onstage. His entrance was powerful because I really believed that he had just been woken up and was annoyed about it. His voice was clear and thunderous. He, in a manner of speaking, woke the audience up and bro... Free Essays on Othello Analysis of Shakespeare’s Othello & Machiavelli’s The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince serves as a guideline to attain and remain successful in power. He explains what obstacles a new â€Å"prince† faces when he comes into authority. Machiavelli’s The Prince was seen as a set of instructions inspired by his experiences dealing with war and revolt. His writings are concerned with the principles on which such a state is founded, and with the means by which they can be implemented and maintained. In his most famous work, The Prince, he describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power. In his view, a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. Machiavelli believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. Cocco 2 Shakespeare’s Othello portrays the growth of unjustified jealousy in the protagonist, Othello, a Moor serving as a general in the Venetian army. The innocent object of his jealousy is his wife, Desdemona. In this tragedy, Othello's evil lieutenant Iago draws him into mistaken jealousy in order to ruin him. Shakespeare’s Othello demonstrates the usage of imagery to create a vivid account of the characteristics of the persons represented in the play. In act 1 scene 1 of Othello, two men are plotting against Othello because they feel they were deceived. One participant is a man named Roderigo, who is in love with Desdemona, Othello’s wife. The focus of the scene is Roderigo telling Desdemona’s father, Brabanzio, that she has run off to marry Othello, a moor and valiant general, but not a man of great monetary assets. The visual imagery that Shakespeare uses in this particular speech by Roderigo strongly describes the main character, Othello, as a grotesque, bestial figure who has taken Brabanzio’s d... Free Essays on Othello Not the unjust suspicions of Othello, not Iago's unprovoked treachery, place Desdemona in a more amiable or interesting light than the conversation (half earnest, half jest) between her and Æmilia on the common behaviour of women to their husbands. This dialogue takes place just before the last fatal scene. If Othello had overheard it, it would have prevented the whole catastrophe; but then it would have spoiled the play. The character of Iago is one of the supererogations of Shakespear's genius. Some persons, more nice than wise, have thought this whole character unnatural, because his villainy is without a sufficient motive. Shakespear, who was as good a philosopher as he was a poet, thought otherwise. He knew that the love of power, which is another name for the love of mischief, is natural to man. He would know this as well or better than if it had been demonstrated to him by a logical diagram, merely from seeing children paddle in the dirt or kill flies for sport. Iago in fact belongs to a class of character, common to Shakespear and at the same time peculiar to him; whose heads are as acute and active as their hearts are hard and callous. Iago is to be sure an extreme instance of the kind; that is to say, of diseased intellectual activity, with the most perfect indifference to moral good or evil, or rather with a decided preference of the latter, because it falls more readily in with his favouri te propensity, gives greater zest to his thoughts and scope to his actions. He is quite or nearly as indifferent to his own fate as to that of others; he runs all risks fo a trifling and doubtful advantage; and is himself the dupe and victim of his ruling passion-an in-satiable craving after action of the most difficult and dangerous kind. "Our ancient" is a philosopher, who fancies that a lie that kills has more point in it than an alliteration or an antithesis; who thinks a fatal experiment on the peace of a family a better thing than...

Course Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course Project - Assignment Example rm, such as the percentage of incongruence, specificity, and sensitivity between self-reported cancer-screening and medical record documentation among African American women. Descriptive research only examines variables in natural environments and does not include researcher-designed treatments or interventions. In addition, a descriptive research design aims to provide a picture of the situation by gaining more information about the characteristics of a particular field of study; thus, descriptive designs may be used in theory development, problem identification, and justification in current practice (Burns & Grove, 2009, 236). On the other hand, quantitative research designs are crafted to determine the relationship of variables in a population. Combining the two research designs, a quantitative descriptive research design establishes only associations between variables and not causality. The quantitative descriptive research design is appropriate to answer the research question because the descriptive design of the study described the current situation by using statistics to determine rates of participation in cancer screening among patients’ self-reported screening or medical records without treatment or intervention whereas, quantitative design establishes only association between self-reported cancer screening and medical record documentation. Powe, B.D. & Cooper, D.L. (2008). Self-Reported Cancer Screening Rates versus Medical Record Documentation: Incongruence, Specificity, and Sensitivity for African American Women. Oncology Nursing Forum, 35(2):

An eater's manifesto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An eater's manifesto - Essay Example We don’t realize that in the sizzle of our steaks there is the suffering of animals, the mining of our topsoil, the slashing of our forests, the harming of our economy, and the eroding of our health. We don’t hear in the sizzle the cry of the hungry millions who might otherwise be fed. We don’t see the toxic poisons accumulating in the food chains, poisoning our children and our earth for generations to come. But once we become aware of the impact of our food choices, we can never really forget (Robbins, 57). There are a lot of things to consider when it comes to making our food choices. One of the biggest nutritional problems plaguing America today is the issue of obesity. One of the factors is a high intake of food that is high in saturated fat. Our bodies can make all the saturated fat we need, so we don't need to eat any of it. That's why saturated fat can be in the bad category—because we don't need to eat any of it, and it has undesirable effects in cardiovascular disease. In the United States and other developed countries, saturated fats come mainly from meat, seafood, poultry with skin, and whole-milk dairy products (cheese, milk, and ice cream). A few plant foods are also high in saturated fats, including coconut and coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil. Saturated fats boost total cholesterol by elevating harmful Low Density Lipoprotein. Like all dietary fat, saturated fat also raises the protective High Density Lipoprotein. Unsaturated fat is much preferable since it lowers the bad cholesterol and raises the good. When picking what to eat, take into consideration the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat you are putting into your body. Another thing to consider may be, for meat eaters, where the meat is coming from. There is the issue of the morality of eating meat. Animals have rights, and no matter how humanely an animal is treated in the process, raising it and killing it for food remains morally wrong. There is yet the issue of animal cruelty. More than 16 billion are killed for food every year in the US alone. They are neglected, mutilated, genetically manipulated, put on drug regimens that cause chronic pain and crippling, transported through all weather extremes, and killed in gruesome and violent ways. Even so called â€Å"free-range† animals are often mutilated without the benefits of painkillers; kept in filthy, disease-ridden sheds; forced to endure long trips to the animal slaughterhouse without food or water; and killed in the same way as animals from factory farms. It’s important to know whether the meat you are eating is from a reliable source. In addition to this, the world’s meat addiction is poisoning and depleting our drinking water, arable land, and clean air. More than half of the water used in the U.S. goes to animal agriculture, and since farmed animals produce 130 times more excrement that humans do, the runoff from their waste greatly pollutes our waterways. Not only does raising animals for food gobble up precious resources and produce tons of waste, it also steals food from hungry people. Raising animals for food is extremely inefficient.   For every pound of food that they eat, only a fraction of the calories are returned in the form of edible flesh. The problem comes in when people stop caring about all these issues and just eat for the sake of pleasing themselves. While eating one day, I found myself wondering about the people who had grown the vegetables on my plate. What were their lives like?